In the Shadow of a Conflict

Description

Zimbabwe has cast a powerful regional and international shadow since it became independent in 1980 and more recently, through the crises of the first decade of the twenty-first century. The 2000s were a decade of combined political, economic and social crises in Zimbabwe following what had been a relatively successful twenty years of independence since 1980. The scale, depth and severity of the crises evolving since 2000 have been as dramatic as they have been unexpected. While there has been substantial coverage of the internal consequences of Zimbabwe's crises less attention has been paid to its regional and cross-border consequences. In explaining the ongoing processes stemming from the crises, this book looks at three neighboring countries - Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia - to depict how, over time, they have experienced and interpreted events in Zimbabwe, how they have dealt with Zimbabweans entering their territories, and how they have or have not formulated policies and developed practices to cope with the arrival of new and mainly undocumented Zimbabwean immigrants.

Sujets

• African Studies
• Ethnic Studies
• Social Science
• African
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Sociology
• African people
• Development studies
• Emigration
• Social sciences
• World
• Robert Mugabe
• Immigration

Informations

• Publié par: Weaver Press
• Date de parution: 20 mai 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781779222336
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

In the Shadow of a Conflict
In the Shadow of a Conflict
Crisis in Zimbabwe and its effects in Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia
Edited by Bill Derman and Randi Kaarhus
Published in 2013 by
Weaver Press PO Box A1922 Avondale Harare Zimbabwe www.weaverpress.co.zw
© This collection William Derman and Randi Kaarhus, 2013 © Individual chapters: the respective authors, 2013
Cover design: Danes Design, Harare Typeset by forzalibro designs, Harare Printed by Sable Press, Harare

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, or by electronic or mechanical means, including information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publishers.

ISBN 978-1-77922-217-6
Contents
List of Maps and Illustrations
List of Tables
Acknowledgements
Contributors’ details
1
Introduction
Crisis in Zimbabwe and its regional effects
Bill Derman and Randi Kaarhus
2
Reflections on National Dynamics, Responses and Discourses in a Regional Context
Randi Kaarhus, Bill Derman and Espen Sjaastad
3
Poverty, Shelter and Opportunities
Zimbabweans’ experiences in Mozambique
Randi Kaarhus
4
Settling for Less?
Zimbabwean farmers and commercial farming in Mozambique
Amanda Hammar
5
Reversing the Flows of People, Skills and Goods
Rural livelihood changes in central Mozambique
Alex Bolding, with Rodriguez Lino Piloto
6
Governing the South African/Zimbabwean Border
Immigration, criminalization and human rights
Bill Derman
7
Hierarchies, Violence, Gender
Narratives from Zimbabwean migrants on South African farms
Ruth Hall
8
Finding Shelter and Work in the Communal Areas of Limpopo
Zimbabweans in rural South Africa
Bill Derman, Anne Hellum and Shirhami Shirinda
9
Factions in the Field
Social divisions and gendered survival strategies on a South African border farm
Lincoln Addison
10
Farms as Camps
Displaced Zimbabweans on commercial farms in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Poul Wisborg
11
Home away from Home
Land, identity and community on the Mkushi Farm Block
Espen Sjaastad, Thomson Kalinda and Fabian Maimbo
12
The Impact of the Zimbabwean Crisis on Informal Cross-Border Trade with Zambia
Thomson Kalinda, Diana Banda, Priscilla Hamukwala, Fabian Maimbo and Espen Sjaastad
Bibliography
List of Maps, Illustrations and Tables
Maps
1. SADC countries, with Zimbabwean border crossing points covered in the book
2. Manica Province in Mozambique and Beira corridor
3. Border Area Manicaland, Zimbabwe – Manica Province, Mozambique
4. Limpopo Province, South Africa
5. Communal areas/former homelands, Limpopo Province
6. Study sites in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province
7. Mkushi District in Central Province, Zambia
Colour Plates
1. Billboard encouraging Zimbabweans in South Africa to go home to vote in 2008.
2. Billboard in South Africa commenting on the fear that the Zimbabwean election of 2008 will be ‘stolen’.
3. South African Home Affairs Refugee Officer in Musina calling the names of people receiving permits to stay in RSA.
4. The porous high-security border between South Africa and Zimbabwe close to Musina – damaged by seasonal rains.
5. Farm workers during a short break in orange harvesting on a South African border farm.
6. A headman in Nzhelele communal area talks about the Zimbabweans in his district.
7. Part of the research team interviewing in a farm worker villages.
8. At the water tap in a farm workers’ village on a commercial farm, Limpopo, South Africa.
9. The ‘invisible’ green revolution in a Mozambican border area: Zimbabwean ideals and technology in Pandagoma, Manica Province, Mozambique.
10. Mobile street vendors from Zimbabwe in Vila de Manica, Mozambique, 2008.
11. Crossing the border on foot: a ‘scud runner’ on his way from Mozambique back to Zimbabwe with rice and cooking oil in 2008.
12. Informal cross-border traders in Zambia preparing to return home to Zimbabwe
13. Large- and small-scale cross-border trade between Zambia and Zimbabwe
14. Looking into the future? At the Zimbabwean border with South Africa
Tables
1. Dominant population fluxes and their drivers
2. Age of respondents
3. Socio-demographic characteristics of sampled cross-border traders
Acknowledgements
This book is a result of a long-standing collaboration among six institutions, including the Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric at the Norwegian University of the Life Sciences, the Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) at the University of the Western Cape, the University of Zambia, Wageningen University, the Catholic University of Mozambique, and the Nordic Africa Institute (NAI). The book is based on an interdisciplinary research project, which in the end proved to be more productive than problematic! First of all, the editors and all the contributors recognize the contributions of so many people we worked with in the field, whose knowledge, experience and insights form a core part of the research process. We would also thank the Research Council of Norway, and more specifically the Poverty and Peace Programme. Through their funding of the research project ‘In the Shadow of a Conflict’ they provided the financial basis for several years of multi-sited, fieldwork-based data collection.
We would also like to acknowledge the Norwegian government for funding and the Norwegian Center for Human Rights for co-ordinating the South Africa programme, which enabled part of the PLAAS-Noragric collaboration, under which field research on farm workers and farm dwellers was carried out. NAI furthermore funded part of Amanda Hammar’s research in Mozambique for Chapter 4 . The editors would like to thank the two reviewers for each chapter who gave of their time and their knowledge to improve the quality of the individual papers, and in this way significantly assisted the work of editing the book; in particular we must mention Blair Rutherford, Michael Walker, Lincoln Addison, Bjørn Bertelsen, Steefan Dondeyne, James Bannerman, Marja Spierenburg and Helge Rønning.
In addition, the editors would like to thank Noragric whose administrative staff facilitated the entire project, and provided additional funding for the publication. Lastly, we would like to thank Weaver Press for their unflinching support for the project and high-quality efforts in bringing the project to a successful conclusion.
Contributors’ details
Lincoln Addison is a PhD candidate in the Department of Anthropology at Rutgers University. Since 2005, he has conducted research with Zimbabwean farm workers in northern Limpopo province, South Africa. This research informs his dissertation currently titled ‘Delegated Despotism: Frontiers of Agrarian Labor on a South African Border Farm.’
Diana Banda is a Lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension at the University of Zambia. She is a rural sociologist who has undertaken several research and consultancy studies on issues in customary and leasehold tenure and women’s access to agricultural land in Zambia. She is currently working on a collaborative research project examining poverty dynamics among Zambian smallholder farmers.
Alex Bolding is an Associate Professor at the Irrigation and Water Engineering group, Wageningen University. His field of specialisation is irrigation and water governance in southern Africa. His PhD was based on research in eastern Zimbabwe on water governance at field, irrigation scheme and river catchment levels. Since then he has been involved in research on furrow irrigators and shifts in water governance in central and southern Mozambique and capacity building programmes in the fields of participatory irrigation design and integrated water resources management in both Mozambique and South Africa.
Bill Derman is currently Professor Emeritus at Michigan State University and the Department of International Environment and Development Studies at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. He holds a PhD in Anthropology from the University of Michigan and has carried out long term field work in west and southern Africa. He is currently engaged in research on land restitution in South Africa and in water governance, human rights, gender and integrated water resources management in Zimbabwe. He is currently editing (with Anne Hellum and Kristin B. Sandvik) a volume entitled Human Rights: Ambiguities of Rights Claiming in Africa.
Amanda Hammar is a Professor at the Centre for African Studies at the University of Copenhagen. Recent publications include edited special issues of the Journal of Southern African Studies (2010) on ‘The Zimbabwe Crisis Through the Lens of Displacement’, and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies (2008) on ‘Political Economies of Displacement in Southern Africa’. She co-edited Zimbabwe’s Unfinished Business: Rethinking Land, State and Nation in the Context of Crisis (Harare: Weaver Press, 2003), and is currently editing a volume entitled Displacement Economies in Africa: Paradoxes of Crisis and Creativity (forthcoming with Zed Press and Nordic Africa Institute).
Priscilla Hamukwala is a Lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension at the University of Zam