Earth and Energy, Power and Pollution: Climate Change Crisis?

Patrick Simmons

Description

Human population growth and wars led humanity to develop novel methods to harvest food and advance manufacturing techniques. This drove increased use of earth’s energy forms. The period from 1770 until now is known as the Advent of Mass Production. It was also the Dawn of Pollution, during when the demand and control of crude oil energy and human cupidity overcame discipline and sensibility in resource management. Waste in the forms of smog, foul air, and damage to the atmosphere and environment resulted. Finally, in 2018, extreme weather prompted scientists to sound the alarm. That sparked political panic to save earth from climate change crisis. The historic natural climate has not changed. Air pollution caused weather warming and cooling, and health problems. In the Artic, permafrost is melting releasing methane in a closed loop cycle that may be irreversible. World inhabitants will soon see weather that they have never seen before. What to do? The answer is do not politicize or over-regulate earth problems. Listen to futurist leaders who understand the science and have created solutions since Galileo (1564-1642). Develop alternate energy, capture CO2, convert methane to hydrogen, and stop polluting the globe. Most importantly educate the world before more humans join the dark clouds of pollution witnesses.

Sujets

• Science de la Terre
• Science
• Meteorology
• Climatology
• Sciences et techniques
• Earth Sciences

Informations

• Publié par: Outskirts Press
• Date de parution: 13 décembre 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781977260413
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Earth and Energy, Power and Pollution: Climate Change Crisis? Climate Change Crisis? All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2023 Patrick Simmons v4.0
The opinions expressed in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the author and do not represent the opinions or thoughts of the publisher. The author has represented and warranted full ownership and/or legal right to publish all the materials in this book.
This book may not be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in whole or in part by any means, including graphic, electronic, or mechanical without the express written consent of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
Outskirts Press, Inc. http://www.outskirtspress.com
ISBN: 978-1-9772-6041-3
Cover Photo © 2023 Adobe Stock. All rights reserved - used with permission.
Outskirts Press and the "OP" logo are trademarks belonging to Outskirts Press, Inc.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Resting in Peace
Arlene M. Simmons 1936-1989
Suzanne E. Simmons 1956-2018
Douglas J. Simmons 1958-2011
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: Dark Clouds of Pollution Witnesses
Chapter 2: Definition of Words and Terms
Chapter 3: A Beginning: Earth and Energy
Chapter 4: Energy Forms on Earth
4.1 Potential Energy
4.2 Kinetic Energy
4.2 A. Chemical
4.2 B. Mechanical
4.2 C. Thermal
4.2 D. Electrical
4.2 E. Sunlight
4.2 F. Magnetic
Chapter 5: Applications of Energy
5.1. Common Applied Energy Forms
5.1 A. Hydroelectric Power
5.1 B. Fossil-Fuel Power Plants
5.1 C. Mining
5.1 D. Forests and Agriculture
5.2. Specialized Energy
5.2 A. Lithium Batteries
5.2 B. Nuclear Energy
5.2 C. Hydrogen Fuel
5.2 D. Solar Energy
5.2 E. Wind Energy
Chapter 6: Atmosphere, Ozone, Pollution
6.1. Climate, Weather, and Surface Air
6.2. Troposphere
6.3. Stratosphere
6.4. Ozone Layer
6.5. Pollution
6.6 Future Weather
Chapter 7: Major Causes of Pollution
7.1. Carbon Cycle
7.2. Power Plants
7.3. Mining
7.4. Buildings and Homes
7.5. Heavy Land and Air Freight
7.6: Automobiles and Aircraft
7.7. Computers
7.8. Wars
Chapter 8: Moderating Pollution
8.1. Power Generation
8.2. Transportation
8.3. Aircraft, Air Freight
8.4. Agriculture and Manufacturing
8.5. Carbon Capture
Chapter 9: Massive Transportation
Chapter 10: Fossil-fuel Powered Vehicles
Chapter 11: Electric Vehicles, EVS
Chapter 12: Electric Vans and Trucks
Chapter 13: Electric Vehicle Propulsion
13.1 Energy Source
13.2 Energy Converter
13.3 Recharging EVS
13.4 Controllers
Chapter 14: Total Energy Cost
Chapter 15: Conservation of Energy
Chapter 16: Conclusion, and A New Beginning
Appendix I: Conversions, Equalities, and Energy Events
Appendix II: Periodic Table of the Elements
About the Author
Introduction
The context of this story is how earth was formed and has been polluted during a period of rapid population growth since the Industrial Revolution in 1770, when the need was to mass produce essential goods for human survival. There has always been a growing need for food, energy, and power, and it continues to grow. Because of careless use of fossil-fuel (coal and crude oil) energy on earth, today the need is to develop substantial alternative renewable energy forms and to address the growing problems of pollution, extreme weather anomalies, and waste disposal throughout the globe.
Pollution exists everywhere on earth: on the land, in surface air, and the atmosphere, and in rivers, lakes, and oceans. It is a massive global problem, and one that is curable only by joint determination and discipline of every country and person. At the present pace of population growth, rising power usage, and uninspired pollution mitigation actions, temperature extremes will continue to worsen as the population is expected to grow from 7.8 billion today to 10 billion by year 2050.
When this book was written, the world was slowly emerging from a COVID Pandemic, reduction of crude oil pumping in the United States, and the Russian war with its neighbor, Ukraine. Worldwide supply problems, inflation, and an increase in air pollution followed. The confluence of these disturbing factors is leading to tempestuous weather.
Back in 1890, the population of earth was 1.53 billion, and the total energy generated was one terawatt, or 1,000 billion watts. One hundred years later in 1990 there were 5.52 billion humans on earth consuming 13.5 terawatts of energy, which is about four times as much energy use per person. The consequences of rapid energy demand increase are surface waste and air pollution throughout the globe.
In 2021, greenhouse emissions rose 6%, a rate faster than the economy with record heat in the Pacific NW and severe ice storms in Texas, followed two months later by opposite record temperatures in both places. By mid-year 2022, weather changes inferred that most regions on earth will begin experiencing weather they have never seen before, including torrential rainfall and flooding in Eastern Australia and a near Category 5 Hurricane Ina in Florida. Pollution in one place on earth causes weather problems half-way around the globe in an unfair distribution of pollution and grief for those who do not pollute.
On May 20 th of 2022, a region in Colorado experienced a snowfall just one day after a record 90°F temperature day. The global climate has shifted, rotating from south to north, and vice versa below the equator, in unpredictable long term atmospheric circulations as both poles begin to warm. In addition to weather extremes in India, a grain exporter, and drought elsewhere, the Russian War on Ukraine worsened the looming worldwide shortage of grain. This coupled with supply chain problems from the COVID Pandemic led to accelerated inflation and acute food scarcity for up to 50 million people in Africa.
The second objective of this book is to provide readers with brief definitions of words, terms, and expressions used explaining the subject matter. These can be found by anyone with a computer. The list is intended for introduction and as a reference.
A rigorous examination of the physics and chemistry of the subject topics is complex. This book exams these matters in a simplified manner using everyday language without complex equations and chemical formulations. For those readers who wish to delve more deeply into attributes of specific topics, the author recommends visiting: your topic - Wikipedia , an acclaimed scientific encyclopedia.
The author used Wikipedia for verification of his factual data, some photos, and he is a financial supporter of the free-use scientific encyclopedia.

What the world does not need is to go faster.
__Mahatma Gandhi

It needs to go more efficiently and responsibly.
__Patrick Simmons


Note: The portion of Chapter 3 on the origin of the universe and our galaxy is discussed only to the extent that it applies to how we arrived at the present weather, and how possible future energy sources may aid in the battle to control pollution. It is not intended as a rigorous scientific or religious viewpoint of creation.


Earth is hotter today than it has been in 3 million years!
Chapter 1
Dark Clouds of Pollution Witnesses
This book is about the fundamentals of our galaxy, earth, our sources of energy, and how we convert energy into power to perform useful and necessary tasks in our lives and at what cost. The purpose of this book is to explain in plain words climate, weather, pollution, energy, and what we have done in the past and should be doing now.
To explain these topics in a simplified manner, the book assumes that the beginning, as far as pollution is concerned, was 250 years ago. This was the start of the Industrial Revolution around 1770, when humanity began using earth’s resources in a more engineered, or applied physics, manner to mass produce goods and food for a growing population.
It is important for readers to understand that earth was created and evolved with natural resources of potential energy such as water, wind, coal, crude oil, magnetism, thermal vents, and all the chemicals on earth, in the air, and under the ground. It is also important to know that earth is part of a solar system in which the sun and our atmosphere are sources of energy, but that earth is being polluted by our past ill-conceived highly consequential energy practices. The surface of earth, in this story, is implied to include both land, sea, and air, and all life thereon.
Readers are reminded that when any form of energy is converted into a different form of energy, there is energy lost sometimes referred to as friction, conversion loss, and inefficiency. A practical example is using electricity, gas, or oil to heat our homes and buildings. It takes energy and work to acquire these forms of energy, and when used, energy is lost in their conversion to heat. Conversely, the same applies to cooling buildings and conveyances in summer. Energy is never lost but made partially unusable.
Because of energy loss in the form of air pollution most places on earth will continue to gyrate between intense unseasonable warming and frigid cooling. Pollution causes ocean currents and the polar jet streams that control climate to alter from their natural variations to unpredictable shifts and subsequent tempestuous weather change.
These topics are discussed and explained without the use of complex equations and mathematics beyond elementary school. A review of Chapter 2, definitions of important words and phrases using plain language and simple math is suggested.
This work in not intended as a historical document, nor is it a political missive. The story does not dwell into the economics of the various administrative proposals. Comparative cost analysis of the various transportation and life-style alternatives are presented but not argued. These are topics of substantial debate, and time is the final judge of the decisi