The Catholic Church and Democracy in Chile and Peru

Brian H. Smith, Michael Fleet

Description

Recent changes imposed by the Vatican may redefine the Chilean and Peruvian Church's involvement in politics and social issues. Fleet and Smith argue that the Vatican has been moving to restrict the Chilean and Peruvian Church's social and political activities. Fleet and Smith have gathered documentary evidence, conducted interviews with Catholic elites, and compiled surveys of lay Catholics in the region. The result will help chart the future of the Church and Chile and Peru.

Sujets

• Religion
• Christianisme
• HISTORY
• Philosophie et théologie
• Ciudad del Vaticano
• Latin America
• Catholic
• Central America
• Christianity
• SS Central America
• Vatican

Informations

• Publié par: University of Notre Dame Press
• Date de parution: 15 novembre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780268079833
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The Catholic Church and Democracy in Chile and Peru
A TITLE FROM THE HELEN KELLOGG INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Kwan S. Kim and David F. Ruccio, eds.
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Michael Fleet and Brian H. Smith
The Catholic Church and Democracy in Chile and Peru (1997)
The Catholic Church and Democracy in Chile and Peru
M ICHAEL F LEET and B RIAN H. S MITH
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, IN 46556
All Rights Reserved
Published in the United States of America
Copyright 1997 by University of Notre Dame
Paperback 2000 ISBN 0-268-02252-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Data Fleet, Michael.
The Catholic Church and democracy in twentieth-century Chile and Peru I Michael Fleet and Brian H. Smith.
p. cm.-(A title from the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies.)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-268-008 18-3 (alk. paper)
1. Catholic Church-Chile-History-20th century. 2. Catholic Church-Peru-History-20th century. 3. Democracy-Religious aspects-Catholic Church-History-20th century. 4. Church and social problems-Chile-History-20th century. 5. Church and social problems-Peru-History-20th century. 6. Chile-Church history-20th century. 7. Peru-Church history-20th century. I. Smith, Brian H., 1940- . II. Title. III. Series. BX1468.2.F57 1996 282 .83 0904-dc20
96-28967
CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Book design by Will H. Powers
Set in Minion and Amerigo type by Stanton Publication Services, Inc., St. Paul
ISBN: 9780268079833
This e-Book was converted from the original source file by a third-party vendor. Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues are encouraged to contact the publisher at [e-mail]
Contents
Preface
Introduction
1 Church and Society in Theoretical Perspective
2 The Chilean Church: A Historical Overview
3 The Peruvian Church: A Historical Overview
4 The Chilean Church and the Transition to Democracy
5 Chile s Consolidation of Democracy
6 The Church and the Transition to Civilian Rule in Peru
7 The Church and the Consolidation of Democracy in Peru
8 Conclusions
Appendix Tables 4-1 through 4-4
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Preface . . . . . . . .
There are many whom we wish to thank for their help in the writing of this book. Our research began in late 1986, when Michael Fleet received a Howard Heinz Foundation grant to study Christian-Marxist relations in Latin America from a base in Santiago, Chile. It enabled him to do attitudinal surveys and to interview Christian and Marxist elites in Chile and Peru the following year. Neither survey could have been carried out without the help of the Centro Belarmino s Center for Sociocultural Research (CISOC) in Santiago, the Catholic University of Peru s Faculty of Social Science, and the good offices of dozens of priests, nuns, and lay Catholic leaders in both Lima and Santiago. With additional support from Marquette University and from the Organization of American States, Fleet spent most of 1987 in Santiago and Lima.
By late 1987, however, Christian-Marxist relations were beginning to lose their intellectual and topical political appeal. Marxists and Christians were working together fluidly to restore or strengthen democracy in both countries. But most Marxists were in the throes of ideological or political crisis, and few Christians felt the need to pursue or reflect on Christian-Marxist relations as such. In this context, moreover, both of us realized that the more important and interesting story unfolding was the range and complexity of the Catholic Church s political influence, and we decided to tackle this phenomenon jointly, using Fleet s data and materials.
The analytical framework presented in chapter 1 was the initial fruit of our collaboration. It was born of a series of conversations that we had in late 1987, and by the following spring we had agreed upon a structure for the overall project. Smith then wrote initial drafts of the Introduction and chapter 1 , which surveys the literature and then develops our analytical framework. These drafts were subsequently revised and refined-several times-by both of us. Chapter 2 , on the Chilean Church through the early 1980s, was a joint undertaking, drawing on work that each of us had done previously (Smith 1982 and Fleet 1985). Fleet returned to the field in the summers of 1988 and 1990, gathering materials on the Church, interviewing additional Catholic elites (bishops, priests, and nuns) and laypeople (the latter of varying degrees of political and Church involvement), and monitoring political developments in both countries.
This field research, and Smith s work in the summers of 1990 and 1991, were funded by a 1990 grant from the United States Institute of Peace. Fleet spent the fall of 1990 at Notre Dame s Kellogg Institute for International Affairs, working closely with the noted Church scholar Phillip Berryman (who was also a Residential Fellow), and exploiting the bountiful resources of the Hesburgh Library. While at the Kellogg and during the following spring while on sabbatical leave from Marquette, Fleet analyzed the survey and interview data and wrote drafts of chapters 3 through 7 . These chapters were revised and refined by both of us over the next several years, as we sought to produce a text with which we were each satisfied, both stylistically and in terms of content. Fleet returned, for the last time, to both Peru and Chile in 1992 to complete the elite interviews and to look for materials dealing with each country s transition and consolidation processes. During the fall of 1993, while on sabbatical leave from Ripon, Smith worked on the drafts of chapters 3 through 7 . Fleet wrote the concluding chapter (8) in the summer of 1995, presenting it to a panel on religion and politics at LASA s Washington, D.C., meeting later that year.
The study is, thus, a genuinely collaborative undertaking, although each of us has had primary responsibility for certain aspects and sections. The analytical framework, for example, relies heavily of Smith s previous work (1982), and he is largely responsible for the Introduction and chapter 1 , and for the hypotheses at the conclusion to chapters 2 and 3 . The bulk of chapter 2 , on the other hand, was written jointly, and Fleet, whose field work put him in closer touch with the basic material, wrote the initial drafts for all other chapters. Once in draft form, however, all chapters underwent substantial revision and rewriting by both of us, with Fleet usually doing the final rewrite.
In addition to the several sponsoring institutions mentioned above, we wish to thank the computer centers at Marquette and Ripon College for their assistance in data analysis and in facilitating the electronic exchange of chapter drafts with minimum distortion or loss. We also would like to acknowledge the Slinger Inn in Slinger, Wisconsin, which offered us a hospitable environment (and delicious apple pie!) when we met, as we did many times, half-way between Milwaukee and Ripon. And we want to extend special thanks to Jim Langford of the University of Notre Dame Press for his support of an initially cumbersome manuscript, and to our editors, Ann Rice and John McCudden, for helping to make it less so.
Finally, we wish to thank our wives, Jean Fleet and Mary Kaye Smith, and children-Maria Elena, Sara, Rachel, and Katie Fleet, and Sean and Katie Smith-for their enduring patience over the course of the project, and especially when one or the other of us was in the throes of the anxiety or grumpiness that seem an inescapable part of these enterprises.
The Catholic Church and Democracy in Chile and Peru
Introduction . . . . . . . .
The modern age has been a source of continuing difficulty for Roman Catholicism. Modern thinkers and movements have been cutting away at the Church s temporal and spiritual power since the late sixteenth century. For most of this period, Catholic authorities strenuously resisted the modern world. They opposed forces that were pressing for freedom, equality, democracy, and individual rights, defending, instead, the monarchical regimes which these forces were challenging. In the 1860s, when Pope Pius IX rejected outright the possible separation of church and state, he termed progress, liberalism, and modern civilization the principal errors of our time, with which it was impossible for the Roman Pontiff (to) reconcile himself and come to terms. 1
Shortly thereafter, however, the Church began to rethink its opposition to modernity. Some Catholics concluded, reluctantly, that the Church would have to accommodat