Healthcare ethics for Healthcare Practitioners

Gert J. van Zyl, Laetus O.K. Lategan

Description

Healthcare ethics cannot be limited in scope to apply only to the patient but needs to apply to the healthcare practitioner as well. The relationship between the patient and the healthcare practitioner has shifted from a power relationship to a complementary relationship. Leadership, mentorship and coaching play important roles in facilitating this shift. Several themes informed this book on healthcare ethics: Vulnerability in healthcare ethics, Decisions between right and wrong, Quality of healthcare, Life-ending decisions, Community-based research, Ethical decision-making, Spritiuality in healthcare

Sujets

• Littérature Sud-Africaine
• Littérature sud-africaine
• Culture
• Introduction
• Impact
• Research
• Influence
• Faith
• Community
• Ethics
• Euthanasia
• Human rights
• Quality
• Decision making
• Participation (decision making)
• Vulnerability
• Decision
• List of Mobile Suit Gundam SEED factions
• RE/Search
• Value (personal and cultural)
• Process
• End-of-life
• Approach
• Values

Informations

• Publié par: UJ Press
• Date de parution: 04 mai 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781920382995
• Langue: English

Extrait

HEALTHCARE ETHICS FOR HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS

EDITORS LAETUS O.K. LATEGAN &GERT J. VAN ZYL

Healthcare ethics for healthcare practitioners

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First Edition 2017

ISBN: 978-1-920382-98-8 (Print) ISBN: 978-1-920382-99-5 (e-book) DOI: https://doi.org/10.18820/9781920382995

Cover design, typesetting and production by Sun Media Bloemfontein

Research, academic and reference works are published under this imprint in print and electronic format.

THis printEd copY can bE ordErEd dirEctlY from: [e-mail] The e-book is available at the following link: https://doi.org/10.18820/9781920382995

HEALTHCARE ETHICS for healthcare practitioners

Laetus O.K. Lategan & Ger t J. van Zyl

EDITORS

“Science and technology are not embedded in machines, they are embedded in people, and minds are usually connected to bodies”

M. Castells

CONTENTS

Orientation: The need for healthcare ethics ......................................................................... Laetus O.K. Lategan and Gert J. van Zyl

Chapter 1: An introduction to healthcare ethics ................................................................... Laetus O.K. Lategan and Gert J. van Zyl

Chapter 2: Unpacking vulnerability in healthcare ethics ...................................................... Laetus O.K. Lategan

Chapter 3: The difference between right and wrong............................................................. Gert J. van Zyl and Paulina van Zyl

Chapter 4: The quality of healthcare: A care ethics approach ............................................. Linus Vanlaere & Roger Burggraeve

Chapter 5: The Influence of culture, values and faith on end-of-life decisions .................... Joyce MacKinnon and Amber Comer

Chapter 6: ETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE .................................................. Andrè Moore

Chapter 7: Euthanasia, do we dare? .................................................................................... Charnè Viljoen

Chapter 8: Community-based participatory research in healthcare: ethical issues and impact on healthcare practitioners ............................................................. Moira S. Lewitt, Pamela Campbell and Beth Cross

Chapter 9: Ethical decision making processes ..................................................................... Willem H. Kruger

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Chapter 10: Spirituality and healthcare ............................................................................... 113 Marius Swart

Healthcare Ethics Code AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ................................................................................................... 130

“To understand medicine better, therefore, we need to explore the way in which science functions, and to confront the technologically-based world”

D.G. Jones

ORIENTATION

The need for healthcare ethics

Laetus O.K. Lategan and Gert J. van Zyl

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The NeeD FOR heALThCARe eThICS

BACKGROUND TO The BOOK PROJeCT

The debate on and interest in ethical challenges in healthcare is not new. Evidence for this comment can be found in (the earliest) recorded medical-ethical codes such as the Hippocratic, Helsinki and Geneva Codes. These codes are further supplemented by reports from the World Healthcare Organisation (WHO) and a continuous debate on how best to provide healthcare in a global environment. The challenge is well described by Ten Have (2011) who identifies the different meanings attached to bioethics in different countries and different health systems because of technological developments, socio-economic needs and developments stimulated through business and industry partnerships (especially pharmacology).

A common observation deriving from these codes, reports and debates is theethical vulnerability from which healthcare practitioners are currently suffering. As a result of ethical vulnerability, healthcare practitioners often find it hard to deliver quality-based healthcare.

Ethical vulnerability is closely associated with four dominant influences on healthcare. These influences are:

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Healthcare is unthinkable without modern technology. Thanks to technology, the so-called “machbarkeit aller dinge” influences healthcare practices. Three different opinions portray the impact technology has on healthcare: Consider the following opinions: We should not do everything that we are able to do (Jan-Hendrik van den Berg, 1969); we should do everything we can do (R. du Jardin) and technology is in service of life (Echbert Schuurman, 1995).

Medical economy (medical industry): The pharmaceutical industry sparks questions with regard to medical insurance and business ethics. The question is correctly asked:What is at stake: health improvement or profit margins?is closely related to consumerism This in healthcare. Typical debates are aroundneeds versuswants in healthcare, substitution, replacement and make-over.

The democratising of healthcare systems:Equality and access to basic health and healthcare systems open challenges such asaffordability, necessityand quality.At the same time a debate on e-medicine, e-health and tele-medicine is opened.

Slow living as a contra culture:Slow living is a post-materialistic culture advocating a return to a holistic lifestyle, and looking at how we live and what we consume. It advocates sustainability of communities, happiness (“the real good life”) and harmony between people and their habitat (as collective for work, home and social networks, interaction and support).

Ethical vulnerability necessitates a new understanding ofhealthcare ethics; its meaning(s) and application(s). In addition, a post-religious and post-structural world together with a technological- driven society, require a new understanding of the healthcare environment.

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heALThCARe eThICS FOR heALThCARe PRACTITIONeRS

Healthcare ethics is trans-disciplinary of nature and transcends the common dictums ofdo no harm,do to others as to yourselfandbe your brother/sister’s keeper. Healthcare ethics calls on stewardship ethics where you care for something as if you own it. In addition, healthcare ethics is challenged through questions such as: are we caring for patients because of a social contract between healthcare worker and patient? human and constitutional rights? humanitarian or religious conviction and/or professional calling?

It should be obvious that (healthcare) ethics is more than moralbehaviour(expected reactions and behaviour) or theapplicationof norms and standards. Healthcare ethics depends on acosmological understanding of ethics[Kobus (J.H.) Smit, 1985],informed decisions(Joseph Badaracco, 1998), responsible acts(Joachim Douma, 1999),ethical relations(Paul Schotmans, 2012) andethical growth(Roger Burggraeve, 1997).

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OBJeCTIVe OF ThIS BOOK

This book promotes the argument that modern day healthcare ethics cannot be limited in scope to apply only to the patient but needs to apply to the healthcare practitioner as well. Healthcare practitioners include doctors, professional nurses and therapists. The relationship between the patient and the healthcare practitioner has shifted from apower relationship(the healthcare practitioner has the knowledge and skill to cure, care, heal, support and comfort) to acomplementary relationship (mutual respect, acknowledgement of individual interests). Leadership, mentorship and coaching play an important role in facilitating this shift.

In the debate on healthcare ethics we need to consider questions relating to: the preservation of life; the uniqueness of people, their personal values, faith and traditions; the protection of dignity, welfare, personal security or safety; freedom of choice and informed consent; the enhancement of basic medical care; affordability, economies of scale and consumerism; professional attitude and patient privacy, shared information on therapies; potential risk and value of therapies and treatment, coaching, leadership and mentorship.

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OUTLINe OF The BOOK

Several themes informed this book on healthcare ethics. The themes are:

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Vulnerability in healthcare ethics

Decisions between right and wrong

Quality of care

Life-ending decisions

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