Purpose of Intervention

Martha Finnemore

Description

Violence or the potential for violence is a fact of human existence. Many societies, including our own, reward martial success or skill at arms. The ways in which members of a particular society use force reveal a great deal about the nature of authority within the group and about its members' priorities.In The Purpose of Intervention, Martha Finnemore uses one type of force, military intervention, as a window onto the shifting character of international society. She examines the changes, over the past 400 years, about why countries intervene militarily, as well as in the ways they have intervened. It is not the fact of intervention that has altered, she says, but rather the reasons for and meaning behind intervention-the conventional understanding of the purposes for which states can and should use force.Finnemore looks at three types of intervention: collecting debts, addressing humanitarian crises, and acting against states perceived as threats to international peace. In all three, she finds that what is now considered "obvious" was vigorously contested or even rejected by people in earlier periods for well-articulated and logical reasons. A broad historical perspective allows her to explicate long-term trends: the steady erosion of force's normative value in international politics, the growing influence of equality norms in many aspects of global political life, and the increasing importance of law in intervention practices.

Sujets

• Histoire
• Military history
• International relations

Informations

• Publié par: Cornell University Press
• Date de parution: 15 janvier 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780801467073
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The Purpose of Intervention

ThePurposeof Intervention

CHANGING BELIEFS ABOUT

THEUSEOFFORCE

MARTHA FINNEmORE

Cornell University Press

ITHACA AND LONDON

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Acknowledgments

The Purpose of Force

Contents

Sovereign DefauLt and MiLitary Intervenion

Changing Norms of Humanitarian Inervenion

Inervenion and Inernaional Order

HowPurposeChanges

Appendix: Measuring MateriaL Distribution o f Power

Index

v []

vii

1

24

52

85

141

163

169

Acknowled ments g

Thîŝ book began în a converŝatîon wîth Peter Katzenŝteîn. He aŝked m e to wrïte a chater about mîlïtary ïnterventîon for hïŝ roject on normŝ and natîonal ŝecurïty The UN-orceŝtrated mîLïtary înterventîonŝ în laceŝ lïke Somalïa and Boŝnîa, w hïch were rolïferatîng în the 1990ŝ, looked qualïtatîvely new then and raîŝed îmortant queŝtîonŝ for înter­ natîonal reLatïonŝ (IR) ŝcholarŝ Katzenŝteïn waŝ rîght about mïlîtary înterventîon Itwaschangîng and he 1990swerenew în ïmortant reŝectŝ. Fîgurîng out what waŝ new, though and what waŝ not, aŝ weLl aŝ why thïngŝ had changed, haŝ taken more than a chater Mîlîtary ïnter­ ventïon turnŝ out to oŝe more anomalîeŝ for ïnternatîonal reLatïonŝ theory than I had îmagîned Interventîon olîcîeŝ lïe at the boundary of eace and warnînternatïonal olîtîcŝ; they alŝo defîne the outer lîmîtŝ Of ŝovereîgn control. Reŝtraïnt în ïnterventîon olïtïcŝ ïŝ what makeŝ a world of ŝovereîgn ŝtateŝ oŝŝïbLe and ŝearateŝ our world from Hobbeŝîan anarchy. Juŝt aŝ regulatïng the uŝe of force among ïndïvïdualŝ îŝ a Core anaLytîCaL roblem ïn domeŝtîC olïtïCŝ (and îtŝ ŝolutïon monooly on CoerCïonîŝ the defïnïng feature of the ŝtate), ŝo, too, doeŝ

regulatîng the uŝe of forCe among ŝtateŝ defïne the CharaCterïŝtïCŝ of ïnter­ natïonaL ŝoCïety ïn ïmortant wayŝ. Fîgurîng out how ŝtateŝ ConŝtruCt ruleŝ about uŝïng forCe haŝ been at the heart of thïŝ rojeCt and, ïn many wayŝ, ïŝ at the heart of IR theory Inveŝtïgatïng thïŝ roblem haŝ thuŝ taught m e muCh more than i ever îmagïned when i embarked on my Chàter for Katzenŝteïn'ŝ volume. Thïŝ book would not hàve been COmleted wïthOut hel from à large number of frîendŝ and Colleagueŝ. partîCîantŝ ïn theCultuRe of National SecuRityrojeCt rovïded ïnvaluabLe hel ïn the eàrly dayŝ aŝ i ŝtruggLed through ïnîtîal formulatîonŝ of the baŝïC theoretïCal queŝtïonŝ

[vïï]

acknowledgents

surroundig milïtary itevetîo. JeCheckel, Steve Walt, ad an anony­ mous revïewer fo Corne Uîversîy Press all read the entîre mauscrîpt and ofered ivauabe detaîed comments Mîchael Barnett read most î not all, o the chapters, ote in their earliest and ugîest orms H e has my heartet thanks or his suggestïos encouagemet, and, most o al, espective Moe peole tha I can reca have now ead and commented on early versïos o idïvïdua chates. Among these, with aologïes to those omîtted ae Mlada Bukovansky, Bud Duva, Mïche Gïrard Jîm Goldgeïer, Rick Herma, Pete Katzenstei, Beh Kïer, Steve Kasne,

Joe Lepgod Cales Lïpson Jeïer Mitzen Richad Price James Lee Ray Heman Scwartz, Henry Sue Jay Smit Nia Taenwad Alex Wendt, and patïcïpants at te m any unïversïy semias at wic cap ters were preseted. Specïa tanks to Mïke Bown wo waded thoug an eary vesïon o capte4and oeed peceptïve suggestîons about atenaïve interpretatîons and poïnted out actua erors Any mîstakes that emaîn ae tee despïte ïs valïant efots. Dael Pau and Andeas Katsouïs bot povïded essentia eseac assïstance and eu com ments Roge Hay don's good umo and patïence wït te ong jouey o tïs mauscript make ïm a saint among editos M ateial suppot o tïs poject cam e om te MacAtur Foudation and its gant to te Social Sciece Researc Councï fo Feowsïps on Peace and Secuïy în a Cangig W ord whïc aowed me to formuate e poect and drat eay versîos o cates T e Eîot Scoo of Inter atîonal Afaîs at George Wasîngto Unïvesîty also rovîded undig to alow competîon of te manuscîpt. An eay versîon of cate 3 apeaed iThe Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World PoliticsColumbïa Unîversiy ed. Peter J. Katzensteîn (New York: Press

1996), 5 -85. 3 As aw ays my deepest debt îs to my famïly

Washington DC

mARTHAFINNEMORE

[vîîî]

The Purpose of Intervention