Populism

Description

Populism has become one of the most overused terms in political discourse today. It can embrace authoritarian and nativist right-wing politicians but also those on the left who appeal for popular support for transformation. In its dominant usage it is seen as inimical to the values of liberal democracy. Yet others see it as part of the construction of a people-centred project that can realize true democracy.

What is clear is that much of the debate around populism has been from the perspective of the global North and the voice of the South has been largely missing. This volume addresses this absence and provides a Latin American perspective to the global study of populism.

It argues that Latin America in its rich and early experience of populism is a valuable laboratory to further our understanding and to address the question of whether populism now goes beyond the dichotomy of left and right and is a new political phenomenon.

The book presents a series of case studies with cross-cutting overview chapters that highlight the lessons to be learned from new research. Each chapter is set within a tight conceptual framework in order to better understand contemporary Latin American politics “after the pink tide” and to enrich the international debate on populism from a Latin American perspective.

Foreword by Jean Grugel

1. Populism in Latin America: development, democracy and social transformation, Ronaldo Munck

2. Peronism in Argentina: left or right? Marcelo Raimundo

3. The populist left in Chile: socialists and communists from 1936 to 1973, Igor Goicovic

4. The left and the Workers’ Party in Brazil: a party between populism, social policies and the popular vote, Reinaldo Lindolfo Lohn and Silvia Maria Fávero Arend

5. Brazil, Bolsonaro and populism of the right, Victor de Oliveira Pinto Coelho

6. Political dilemmas of the government of Lopez Obrador: between populism, democracy and the left in Mexico, Patricia Pensado Leglise

7. The Bolivarian process in Venezuela: socialism, populism, or neoliberalism? Roberto López Sánchez

8. Populist responses to crises of market democracy: the case of Bolivia’s Evo Morales, John Brown

9. Ecuador: populism and the 2007–17 political cycle, Pablo Dávalos

10. The Nicaraguan crisis and the mirage of left populism, William I. Robinson

11. Populism and the right in Latin America, Barry Cannon

12. Populism and the left in Latin America, Mariana Mastrángelo and Pablo Pozzi

Afterword: a tale of two “people”: national popular and twenty-first-century Latin American populisms, Francisco Panizza

Sujets

• Radicalism
• Political Ideologies
• Political Economy
• HISTORY
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Histoire
• América del Sur
• Ernesto Laclau
• Peronism
• General officer
• Ideology
• South America
• Politics
• Latin America
• Central America
• Activism
• SS Central America
• General
• Antonio Gramsci

Informations

• Publié par: Agenda Publishing
• Date de parution: 09 mars 2023
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781788216005
• Langue: English

Extrait

POPULISM: LATIN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES
Also by Ronaldo Munck and published by Agenda

Rethinking Global Labour: After Neoliberalism
Social Movements in Latin America: Mapping the Mosaic
POPULISM: LATIN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES
Edited by
Ronaldo Munck
Mariana Mastrángelo
Pablo Pozzi
© 2023 Ronaldo Munck, Mariana Mastrángelo, Pablo Pozzi. Individual chapters, the contributors.

This book is copyright under the Berne Convention.
No reproduction without permission.
All rights reserved.

First published in 2023 by Agenda Publishing

Agenda Publishing Limited
The Core
Bath Lane
Newcastle Helix
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE4 5TF
www.agendapub.com

ISBN 978-1-78821-598-5

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Typeset by Newgen Publishing UK
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
CONTENTS
Abbreviations and acronyms
Foreword by Jean Grugel
Introduction
 1 Populism in Latin America: development, democracy and social transformation
Ronaldo Munck
 2 Peronism in Argentina: left or right?
Marcelo Raimundo
 3 The populist left in Chile: socialists and communists from 1936 to 1973
Igor Goicovic
 4 The left and the Workers’ Party in Brazil: a party between populism, social policies and the popular vote
Reinaldo Lindolfo Lohn and Silvia Maria Fávero Arend
 5 Brazil, Bolsonaro and populism of the right
Victor de Oliveira Pinto Coelho
 6 Political dilemmas of the government of López Obrador: between populism, democracy and the left in Mexico
Patricia Pensado Leglise
 7 The Bolivarian process in Venezuela: socialism, populism or neoliberalism?
Roberto López Sánchez
 8 Populist responses to crises of market democracy: the case of Bolivia’s Evo Morales
John Brown
 9 Ecuador: populism and the 2007–17 political cycle
Pablo Dávalos
10 The Nicaraguan crisis and the mirage of left populism
William I. Robinson
Overviews
11 Populism and the right in Latin America
Barry Cannon
12 Populism and the left in Latin America
Mariana Mastrángelo and Pablo Pozzi
Afterword: a tale of two “people”: national popular and twenty-first-century Latin American populisms
Francisco Panizza
Contributors
Index
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AD Acción Democrática (Democratic Action) ALBA Alternativa Bolivariana para las Américas (Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas) AMAN Academia Militar Agulhas Negras (Military Academy Black Eagles) AMO Arco Minero del Orinoco (Orinoco Mining Arch) AMLO Andrés Manuel López Obrador ANEF Asociacion Nacional de Empleados Fiscales (National Association of Fiscal Employees) Banxico Bank of Mexico BCIE Central American Bank of Economic Integration CAFTA Central America Free Trade Agreement CARSI Central American Regional Security Initiative CBST Central Bolivariana Socialista de Trabajadores (Socialist Bolivarian Labor Central) CELAC Community of Latin American and Caribbean States CEPCH Confederación de Empleados Particulares de Chile (Chilean Private Employees’ Confederation) CGT Confederación General del Trabajo (General Labour Confederation) CNDH Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos (Human Rights National Commission) CNMCIOB -BS National Confederation of Campesino, Indigenous, and Native Women of Bolivia COB Central Obrera Boliviana (Bolivian Labour Central) COFECE Comisión Federal de Competencia Económica (Federal Commission of Economic Competence) CONALCAM Coordinadora Nacional por el Cambio (National Coordination for Change) CONAMAQ National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu CONEVAL Concejo Nacional para la Evaluación de Política Social (National Council for the Evaluation of Social Policy) COPEI Comité de Organización Política Electoral Independiente (Organizing Committee for Independent Electoral Politics) COSEP Concejo Superior de Empresa Privada (Superior Council of Private Enterprise) CRAC Confederación Republicana de Acción Cívica (Civic Action Republican Confederation) CSSL Health and Safety at Work Committees CSUTCB Unitary Syndical Confederation of Peasant Workers of Bolivia CTCH Confederación de Trabajadores de Chile (Workers’ Confederation of Chile) CTV Confederación de Trabajadores de Venezuela (Venezuela Labor Confederation) CUT Central Única de Trabajadores (Sole Central of Workers) ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean FGR Fiscalía General de la República (Attorney’s General Office) FIDEG International Foundation for the Global Economic Challenge FIT Frente de Izquierda y de los Trabajadores (Worker and Left Front) FNLP Frente Nacionalista Patria y Libertad (Fatherland and Freedom Nationalist Front) FOCH Federación Obrera de Chile (Labour Federation of Chile) FP Frente Popular (Popular Front) FRAP Frente de Acción Popular (Popular Action Front) FSLN Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (Sandinista National Liberation Front) FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas GDR German Democratic Republic IC Izquierda Cristiana (Christian Left) IFE Instituto Federal Electoral (Federal Electoral Institute) IFT Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (National Telecommunications Institute) IMF International Monetary Fund INAI Instituto Nacional de Acceso a Información (National Institute of Transparency and Access to Information) INEE Instituto Nacional para Evaluaciion Educativa (National Institute for Educational Evaluation) INEGI Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística (National Institute of Geography and Statistics) INSABI National Institute for Health Care and Wellbeing LAB Anti-Lockout Law (LAB) LOTT Ley Orgánica del Trabajo y de los Trabajadores (Organic Law of Work and Labour) MAPU Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria (Unitary Popular Action Movement) MAS Movimiento al Socialismo (Movement Towards Socialism) MBL Movimento Brasil Livre (Free Brazil Movement) MIFA Enlarged Corn Field with Fruit Trees Programme MIR Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Left Movement) MNR Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Nationalist Movement) MPF Ministerio Público Federal (Federal Public Ministry) MVR Movimiento Quinta República (Fifth Republic Movement) NDP National Development Plan NED National Endowment for Democracy NSM New Social Movements OAS Organization of American States OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PCA Partido Comunista Argentino (Argentine Communist Party) PCCh Partido Comunista de Chile (Communist Party of Chile) PCR Partido Comunista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Communist Party) PDC Partido Demócrata Cristiano (Christian Democratic Party) PDVSA Venezuela’s petroleum corporation PGS Plan Guayana Socialista (Socialist Guyana Plan) PHS Public Health System (PHS) PNR Partido Nacional Revolucionario (Revolutionary National Party) POS Partido Obrero Socialista (Socialist Worker Party) PPO Public Prosecutor’s Office PRD Partido de la Revolución Democrática (Party for a Democratic Revolution) PRI Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolutionary Party) PSCh Partido Socialista de Chile (Socialist Party of Chile) PSOE Partido Socialista Obrero Español (Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party) PSOL Partido Socialismo y Libertad (Socialism and Freedom Party) PT Partido do Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party) PTB Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (Brazilian Labour Party) SNA Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura (National Society for Agriculture) STyP Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión (Department of Labour and Prevision) UOM Unión Obrera Metalúrguca (Union of Metallurgical Workers) UOT Union Obrera Textil (Textile Workers’ Union) UP Unidad Popular (Popular Unity) USAID US Agency for International Development YPF Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (Argentina’s state-owned petroleum corporation)
FOREWORD
The value of this book is, above all, in its erudite restatement of the centrality of Latin America to the theorization of populism and, by implication, representation, citizenship and the state. That the region does not occupy a more important position within the sociological literature on populism, citizenship and the state, and is not used more widely as the basis for comparative social theory, is a frank mystery – and one this book sets out to challenge. The fault lies with longstanding biases in social science that mean Latin American states and societies are more frequently studied for what they fail to be, instead of what they are. There is little point imagining Latin American states will behave like European ones since they emerged from quite different social and political circumstances, have different levels of capacity, and face different dilemmas. But, instead of probing these differences analytically, Latin America so often finds itself shoehorned into social and political theories that render it, almost inevitably, failing and deviant. And even when the region offers rich, complex, multifaceted histories of important political phenomena that could serve as the starting point for wider theoretical debate – as with populism – its vital contribution is still all too easily side-lined or bolted awkwardly onto theories driven by Anglophone and European narratives. In the case of populism, this really is a huge opportunity lost, since on this particular subject, Latin America is a gift that keeps on giving, as this admirable set of studies makes abundantly clear.
All experiments in populist politics begin with grievances of citizens or subjects who think they deserve better from government. It should not come as a surprise, therefore, that one important contribution of this collection stems from the set of essays that explores populism as the expression of those grievances within the context of the Latin American left. Emphasizing the roots of populism as – at least at times – a vehicle for progressive social demands, stands in refreshing contrast to the contemporary emphasis, in the media and European scholarship especially, on populism as the expression