La lecture à portée de main
Vous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage
Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement
Je m'inscrisDécouvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement
Je m'inscrisVous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage
Description
Sujets
Informations
Publié par | Lion Hudson |
Date de parution | 18 novembre 2016 |
Nombre de lectures | 0 |
EAN13 | 9780745970400 |
Langue | English |
Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0650€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.
Extrait
Using clarity of structure and a warm, engaging style, Allan Chapman brings us an elegant and accessible new introduction to the history of Western medicine.
Caroline Rance, author of The History of Medicine in One Hundred Facts
This is medical history for the layman - and very good it is, too. Chapman s coverage is, as we have come to expect, comprehensive, covering everything that has contributed to the knowledge and treatment of physical and mental disorders. Highly recommended.
Derek Wilson, historian
This thoroughly enjoyable book provides a comprehensive and highly compelling account of the way in which the pioneers of western medicine have, with equal measures of luck and judgement, driven its development from what was once no more than glorified sorcery to its current place as an established cutting edge science.
Dr Simon Atkins, author and medical practitioner
This is a fascinating and comprehensive tour of the history of medicine and health care from prehistory to the modern world. This detailed overview of thousands of years of medical history is constantly brought to life through fascinating and arresting examples It also reveals the complex interaction of different religious and scientific concepts and outlooks across time.
It explodes myths, such as the commonly held assumption of little progress being made in western medicine and surgery in the Middle Ages. Or that everyone in Western Europe before the Early Modern Period was dirty. And in a modern age of tension between aspects of the Western and Islamic world we are rightly reminded of the valuable contribution made to medical progress through the intellectual interaction of Christian and Islamic culture after the fall of the Roman Empire, as they both sought to preserve and advance the medical knowledge that they had inherited from the Classical world of Greece and Rome.
Throughout, it is fast paced, insightful and engaging. This excellent book provides a one volume overview that helps one see the medical wood from the trees over a long period of time. A great book and a most enjoyable read.
Martyn Whittock, historian
Also by Allan Chapman:
Stargazers: Copernicus, Galileo, the Telescope and the Church (Lion Hudson, 2014).
Slaying the Dragons: Destroying Myths in the History of Science and Faith (Lion Hudson, 2013).
England s Leonardo: Robert Hooke and the Seventeenth-Century Scientific Revolution (Institute of Physics, 2005).
Mary Somerville and the World of Science (Canopus Press, Bath, 2004; reprint Springer, 2015).
Gods in the Sky. Astronomy, Religion, and Culture from Antiquity to the Renaissance (Channel 4 Books, Pan Macmillan, 2002).
The Medicine of the People. Popular Medicine in Britain before the NHS (Aeneas Press, Chichester, 2001).
The Victorian Amateur Astronomer. Independent Astronomical Research in Britain, 1820-1920 (Wiley-Praxis, 1998).
A LLAN C HAPMAN
Physicians, Plagues and Progress
T HE HISTORY of W ESTERN M EDICINE from A NTIQUITY to A NTIBIOTICS
Text copyright 2016 Allan Chapman This edition copyright 2016 Lion Hudson
The right of Allan Chapman to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by Allan Chapman in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by Lion Books an imprint of Lion Hudson plc Wilkinson House, Jordan Hill Road, Oxford OX2 8DR, England www.lionhudson.com/lion
ISBN 978 0 7459 6895 7 e-ISBN 978 0 7459 7040 0
First edition 2016
Acknowledgments Extracts from The Authorized (King James) Version. Rights in the Authorized Version are vested in the Crown. Reproduced by permission of the Crown s patentee, Cambridge University Press.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Cover image: Design Pics Inc/Alamy Stock Photo
To Rachel: Wife, Scholar, and Best Friend her price is far above rubies
(Proverbs 31:10)
Contents
List of illustrations
Acknowledgments
Preface
1 Physicians, Priests, and Folk Healers
Ancient doctors
Medicine in Egypt and other ancient cultures
Moses and the lepers: A saga from Sinai to Scandinavia 9
Hippocrates of Cos: Rational medicine, ethics, and the Oath of c. 430 BC
Aristotle (384-322 BC ) and the nature of living things
2 Galen: Surgeon to the Gladiators
Aelius Claudius Galenus of Pergamum: Surgeon, showman, and public anatomist, AD 129-200/216
Galen the anatomist and physiologist
Galen s physiology
Roman surgery
Celsus and his Encyclopedia of c. AD 30
Galen s influence: Medicine, ethics, religion, and teaching across fifteen centuries
3 Arabia: The First Fruits of Medieval Medicine
Baghdad and The House of Wisdom
Fire and water: Transformative forces
Jabir (Geber) and Rhazes: Chemistry and medicine
I suppose that Avycen /Wroot nevere in no canon (Chaucer)
Albucasis and Arabic surgery
Arabic medicine in retrospect
4 Divine Light: Seeing and Perceiving in the Middle Ages
The anatomy of perception: What was seeing believed to be?
Rainbows, colours, and perspective: Medieval Europe s new key to physics
Unravelling the colours of the rainbow: Medieval Europe s great discovery
Spectacles: The invention that changed the world
Couching for cataract: Albucasis and medieval eye surgery
The eye as an optical projector
5 Rahere the Jester Meets St Bartholomew
Early medieval care: Leech books and herbals
Salerno, near Naples: Europe s first hospital and medical school
The founding of St Bartholomew s Hospital in twelfth-century London
Cure of body and cure of soul: How clean were medieval people?
6 Spiritual Inspiration, Miracle, Possession, Mental Illness, and the Brain
Discerning clinical illness from spiritual states
Epilepsy and the Hippocratic tradition in medieval Europe
Cells, chambers, and fluid flows: The medieval explanation for brain function
Margery Kempe (n e Burnham or Brunham) and religious visionaries
Bedlam : A place of asylum for the distressed?
7 In Time of Plague
Epidemics: Sin, nature, and the plague of the Philistines
The Black Death of 1347 and beyond
A miscellany of medieval maladies
8 Medicine and Surgery in High Medieval Europe, 1200-1500, Part 1: Medicine and Anatomy in Europe s Medieval Universities and Beyond
Population growth, prosperity, and innovation
Teaching anatomy, challenging myth, and the status of experimental knowledge
Pus: Laudable or a liability?
Theodoric Borgognoni of Lucca: Surgeon, hygienist, friar, and bishop
The first academic medical schools: A European innovation
Mondino de Liuzzi of Bologna and his Anathomia
9 Medicine and Surgery in High Medieval Europe, 1200-1500, Part 2: Guy de Chauliac and the Great Surgery of 1363
A scientific physician at the papal court in Avignon
Chirurgia Magna , or the Great Surgery : A medical encyclopedia for future ages
Guy de Chauliac: Victim, survivor, and student of the bubonic plague
So was medieval surgery barbaric?
10 Prince Hal and the Surgeons: The Rise of Medical Professionalism in England after 1300
John of Arderne: Master surgeon of the age of Chaucer
An unfortunate incident of an arrow in the face
Towton Man: Sophisticated facial repair surgery in early fifteenth-century England
The anonymous surgeon of HMS Mary Rose in 1545
Gunpowder, God, and Europe s surgical renaissance
The Royal College of Physicians and the Worshipful Company of Barbers and Surgeons
11 Antiquity Found Wanting in Renaissance Italy: Andreas Vesalius and His Influence
Renaissance Italy and the lesser circulation of the blood: Andreas Vesalius, Padua, and the new anatomy of the Renaissance
The art of the anatomical illustrator
Vesalius and his De Fabrica of 1543
Realdo Colombo, the Vesalian tradition, and the secrets of the heart
Ambrose Par : Renaissance master surgeon
12 William Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood
Origins and education
Harvey establishes his professional career in London
Of hearts, paradoxes, and purposes: Harvey s road to the blood circulation
Announcing the whole-body circulation of the blood in 1628
Therapeutic innovations around Harvey s time
13 The Neurologist and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Part 1: The Oxford Experimental Club
The hanging of Anne Greene
Dr Thomas Willis of Oxford: Pioneer of neurology
Fermentation, fevers, and chemistry
Arthur Coga and the sheep: Experiments with blood and circulation
14 The Neurologist and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Part 2: Brains, Minds, and Souls in Seventeenth-Century England
The Reverend Robert Burton: Anatomist of Melancholy
Thomas Willis and his circle
Death by lightning in
Fathoming the working of the mind in seventeenth-century England
Archbishop Gilbert Sheldon, Doctor Willis, and the soul
15 Breathing and Burning: Cardiology, Chemistry, and Combustion
The breath of life
Dr John Mayow: Air, fire, blood, and life tested in the laboratory
Robert Hooke and the dog
Richard Lower, Tractatus de Corde , and the foundation of cardiology
Oxford s enterprising apothecaries
16 John Wesley s Primitive Physick and the British Priest-Physician
The Reverend John Ward, MA: Experimentalist and Shakespeare anecdote collector
John Wesley and simple medicine for the common man
The country vicar who paved the way for aspirin
Stephen Hales, Sydney Smith, and other medical clergymen
17 The Duty of Care: New Hospitals, Charities, and Medical Innovation in the Eighteenth Century
A new tide of hospitals: London
New hospitals across Great Britain
The hospital as a museum of disea