Palestine: From Balfour Declaration to Oslo Accords

Sachin Tiwari

Description

The last hundred years have been the witness of the battles between the Jews and Palestinians and this has posed a big challenge before the world to establish peace on the region. This seed of conflict emerged around the beginning of 20th century. This book discusses various facts in regard to the origin of the conflict from the beginning of 20th century till its last decade. During this time, the world community saw many facets of the Palestinian-Jewish conflict. One major outcome was the emergence of Israel as a nation. Eventually, Palestinians experienced that they lost their original identity and hence they started their struggle to establish themselves as an independent nation. The book is attempted objectively and the facts are presented in a chronological manner which reveals the ancient historical events, further explaining the criticality of the topic. This book shall help history scholars and general readers of history who are interested in the facts of Middle Eastern history.

Sujets

• Histoire
• History of the Middle East

Informations

• Publié par: Austin Macauley Publishers Ltd
• Date de parution: 29 mai 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781528982948
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Palestine: From Balfour Declaration to Oslo Accords
Sachin Tiwari
Austin Macauley Publishers
2020-06-30
Palestine: From Balfour Declaration to Oslo Accords About the Author Dedication Copyright Information © Acknowledgements Introduction Historiography: Chapter 1 The Land of Palestine and Its History Major Semitic People in Palestine The Hebrew Monarchy Islam on the March Meeting of East and West: The Crusades Chapter 2 British Diplomacy and the Birth of Palestine Problem British Imperialistic Motive on Palestine British Triumph over Palestine during World War Balfour Declaration: How It Came to Be Issued Different Interpretations of Declaration British View on Declaration Allied Declarations Post-War Settlement and Road to Mandate Arab View about the Future of Palestine French Government’s View on Proposal British View on Proposal King-Crane Commission Syrian Congress The Resolution Sane Remo Chapter 3 Palestine under the Mandate Rule (From 1922 to 1947) British Administration Civil Administration Immigration Policies The Arab Peasant and “Land Transfers” The Beginning of the Rights of Two Rival Nationalism Shaw Commission The Passfield White Paper The Immigration Crisis Arab and Jews Violence The Peel Commission The London Conference White Paper in May 1939 The Catastrophe Biltmore Programme Zionist Resistance Movement The Anglo-American Commission Civil War and Terrorism Palestine before the United Nations The Provisions of the Partition Resolution The Situation in Palestine Chapter 4 Palestinians between the Three Arab-Israel Wars Geographical Elements in the Arab-Israel Conflict The Partition Plan Underlying Patterns Arab Reaction against the UNO Partition Plan Arab’s Proclamation on Palestine Palestine Arab’s Exodus Arab and Jewish Explanations Question of Refugees Settlement Palestine Refugees and Arab States The Status of Jerusalem Murders of Arabs The Suez Fedayeen Activities Against Israel The Six-Day War Chapter 5 The Genesis of the Palestinian National Movement The Second Exodus The Formation of the Palestine Liberation Organisation The Palestine National Charter Ideological Commitments of the Fedayeen Groups The Palestinian and Arab Governments After the 1967 War The Forth Middle East War Political Effects of the October War International Recognition of the PLO The Twelfth Palestinian National Council The Arab League Summit Conference in Rabat The United Nations Invited the PLO The Commission on Human Rights The United Nations Committee The Right of Return Chapter 6 Camp David to Oslo (1978–1993) Camp David Accords Palestinian Participation Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories Israel invaded Lebanon The Reagan Plan The Fez Plan Acquisition of Land and Israeli Settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip Israeli Economic Policy PLO Strategy Intifada: The Making of a Revolt Palestinian Declaration of Independence Palestinian-Israel Peace Negotiations Madrid Conference: 30 October–1 November 1991 First Bilateral Round: Madrid, 3 November 1991 Conclusion Bibliography Primary Sources Autobiographies Secondary Sources 1. Foreign Affairs , Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. New York, (U.S.A.) Newspapers: 2. The Hindu, Delhi. Encyclopaedia Articles of Journals: Books:
About the Author
Born on 18 March, 1976, Dr Sachin Tiwari is a scholar. He has done MA in history and PhD in history from Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar (India). He has been an ardent reader and writer from the beginning. He has published many research papers in national and international journals based on the Palestine issue. He is the chief editor of Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education (JASRAE). He is currently working at Swami Vivekanand University, Sagar as a professor and head of the Department of History and coordinator of Research and Development. He is a member of many academic institutions.
Dedication
This book is dedicated to my beloved parents and my wife.
Copyright Information ©
Sachin Tiwari (2020)
The right of Sachin Tiwari to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with section 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers.
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Austin Macauley is committed to publishing works of quality and integrity. In this spirit, we are proud to offer this book to our readers; however, the story, the experiences, and the words are the author’s alone.
A CIP catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
ISBN 9781528982931 (Paperback)
ISBN 9781528982948 (ePub e-book)
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Acknowledgements
I take this opportunity to thank everybody who has helped me in conceiving and constructing this book. I pay my regards to Prof D.C. Sharma (Ex-Head of Department of History) and Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, India who gave me important suggestions. I also thank Prof Nasseem Ahmad (Dean, School of Social Sciences, University of Kashmir, India). I thank Dr Ajay Tiwari (Chancellor, Swami Vivekanand University, Sagar, India) and Anil Tiwari, (MD, Swami Vivekanand University, Sagar, India) who have always appreciated my efforts. I thank Mr G. K. Jonson, and my friends Dr Ashok Chutarvedi, Dr Chhanda Banarji, and Mr Vikash Tiwari. I thank Dr Suneet Walia who helped me in writing the book. Last but not the least, I thank my family, my parents, my wife Jyoti Tiwari, my sister Shilpi Upadhyay, my brother-in-law Nikate Upadhyay, and my lovely kids Nitya Tiwari and Vivaan Tiwari.
I am also thankful to my publication house Austin Macauley Publishers for publishing my first book.
Introduction
The Palestinian-Israel conflict is one of the most persistent and explosive international problems of our times. The Palestine problem is one that has defied solution. This conflict has further divided the world community into two groups: one is a pro-Palestine cause and the other is in favour of Israel. Palestinians have been demanding an independent Palestine state for a long time. However, this was continuously opposed by Israel. This conflict was eventually converted into wars, and it has become a big challenge for the world to establish peace in the region.
Palestine is the cradle of Judaism and birthplace of Christianity and holds a close relationship with Islam.
Some intellectuals believe that this division is more of areligious claim rather than just a piece of land, so they are searching for answers in religious books. Thus, it became very difficult to identify and conclude whether this conflict was a political battle or a religious one.
It is unfortunate to note that the beginning of 20 th century witnessed the intention of the European powers to establish their control over Palestine directly or indirectly to fulfil their imperialistic objectives, which converted the Palestine state into a battleground. It was in 1917 when the British Foreign Secretary had declared their favour for the Jewish people.
After World War I, Palestine came under the mandate of the British government. Under British rule in Palestine, Jewish immigrants settling in Palestine were the main cause of Arab opposition. The Zionists were perhaps already determined to take over Palestine as a Jewish state, but they normally hesitated to say so openly. Jewish immigration into Palestine in 1925 had reached the record figure of 33,801. The British policy on Jewish immigration in Palestine led to the creation of two major religious groups standing against each other claiming their right on Palestine.
However, Britain could not handle the continuous bloodshed, and so it took the matter to the United Nations Organisation (UNO) in 1947.
The division of Palestine was done by UNO in 1948. This division, however, favoured the minority group, leaving aside the interest of the majority of Arabs. Thus, it can be stated that the decision was favoured to cater to the Jews. Since the termination of the mandate in 1948, it has predicated four wars—first in 1948, second in 1956, third in 1967 and again fourth war in 1973. The Arabs lost all the four battles, which made Palestinians move into refugee camps, losing their identity.
It was the stay in refugee camps that united Palestinians and they unified into extremist groups to wage an independent battle against Israel on their own. With this, the Palestinians converted themselves into Fidayeen groups and waged a proxy war against Israel. The war between the Palestinians and Israelis destroyed millions of homes and lives of people on both sides.
Palestinians demanded an independent state for themselves which was refused by Israel and the United Nations Organisation. The foreseers of the world fear that this conflict can lead to a global war. So, it becomes imperative to establish peace in the region.
The endeavours to establish a peace process in the region began in 1990. In 1993, after Oslo agreement, both parties agreed for mediation of the United States of America for stepping towards the formation of Palestinian self-government.
As on date, the demand to establish a separate independent state by Palestinians is still unfulfilled.
Chronologically, This Book Covers Events from Balfour Declaration (AD 1917) To Oslo (AD 1993)
It was in 1917 that the British Foreign Secretary declared that the British policy was in favour of the Jewish people. Considering this policy of the British, Jews made a strong claim to make an independent state, but Palestinians’ aim for building an independent state could n