Indigenous Development in the Andes

Andolina Robert Andolina, Laurie Nina Laurie, Radcliffe Sarah A. Radcliffe

Description

As indigenous peoples in Latin America have achieved greater prominence and power, international agencies have attempted to incorporate the agendas of indigenous movements into development policymaking and project implementation. Transnational networks and policies centered on ethnically aware development paradigms have emerged with the goal of supporting indigenous cultures while enabling indigenous peoples to access the ostensible benefits of economic globalization and institutionalized participation. Focused on Bolivia and Ecuador, Indigenous Development in the Andes is a nuanced examination of the complexities involved in designing and executing "culturally appropriate" development agendas. Robert Andolina, Nina Laurie, and Sarah A. Radcliffe illuminate a web of relations among indigenous villagers, social movement leaders, government officials, NGO workers, and staff of multilateral agencies such as the World Bank.The authors argue that this reconfiguration of development policy and practice permits Ecuadorian and Bolivian indigenous groups to renegotiate their relationship to development as subjects who contribute and participate. Yet it also recasts indigenous peoples and their cultures as objects of intervention and largely fails to address fundamental concerns of indigenous movements, including racism, national inequalities, and international dependencies. Andean indigenous peoples are less marginalized, but they face ongoing dilemmas of identity and agency as their fields of action cross national boundaries and overlap with powerful institutions. Focusing on the encounters of indigenous peoples with international development as they negotiate issues related to land, water, professionalization, and gender, Indigenous Development in the Andes offers a comprehensive analysis of the diverse consequences of neoliberal development, and it underscores crucial questions about globalization, governance, cultural identity, and social movements.

Sujets

• Histoire
• América del Sur
• Cultural studies
• Indigenous peoples
• South America
• History of the Americas
• Bolivia
• Ecuador

Informations

• Publié par: Duke University Press
• Date de parution: 23 décembre 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780822391067
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

INDIGENOUS

DEVELOPMENT

IN THE ANDES .

I N DIGE NOUS

DEVE LOPM E NT

I N THE AN DES .

Culture, Power, and Transnationalism

ROBERT ANDOLINA, NINA LAURIE ,

AND SARAH A. RADCLIFFE

duke university press durham and london 2009

©2009Duke University Press

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States

of America on acid-free paperb

Designed by Amy Ruth Buchanan

Typeset in Minion by Achorn International

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-

Publication Data appear on the last

printed page of this book.

CONTENTS .

List of Maps and Tables vii

Acknowledgments ix

Introduction: Indigenous Development in the Andes1 1 . Development, Transnational Networks, and Indigenous Politics23 . 2 Development-with-Identity: Social Capital and Andean Culture53 . 3 Development in Place: Ethnic Culture in the Transnational Local80 . 4 Neoliberalisms, Transnational Water Politics, and Indigenous People125 5 . Transnational Professionalization of Indigenous Actors and Knowledge157 6 . Gender, Transnationalism, and Cultures of Development195

Conclusion: Transnationalism, Development, and Culture in Theory and Practice223

Appendix1: Methodology and Research Design247

Appendix2: Development-Agency Initiatives for Andean Indigenous Peoples,1990–2002249

Appendix3: Professional Biographies of Teachers in Interculturalism253

Acronyms and Abbreviations257

Notes263

Bibliography297

Index335

MAPS AND TABLES .

Map1. Primary research sites in Bolivia5 Map2. Primary research sites in Ecuador6 Map3ethnolinguistic groups in Bolivia. Indigenous 27 Map4connections discussed in chapter. Transnational 136 Map5. Transnational connections discussed in chapter278 Map6. Markas comprising the Karankas indigenous group, Oruro Department, Bolivia103 Map7.Ayllus and municipal boundaries in Marka Qhurqui, Oruro Department, Bolivia104 Map8. Selected indigenous identity groups in Ecuador, including pueblos112 Map9. Transnational connections around local indigenous development122 Map10linkages around water and natural resource issues. Transnational 134 Map11. Transnational connections around intercultural higher education and professionalization programs193 Map12connections around gender and indigenous. Transnational development218

Table1. International frameworks for indigenous development38 Table2funding lines for indigenized local spaces in Bolivia and. Selected Ecuador121 Table3education programs in development-with-identity in Ecuador. Higher and Bolivia164 Table4. Outline provided for an ecuarunariwomen’s training school session on the international context for women’s leadership176

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .

Multisited ethnographies generate complex itineraries of obligations and debts of gratitude. First we must thank those whose belief in our project from the start made it possible to begin: the Economic and Social Research Council pro- gram on Transnational Communities, and its director, Steve Vertovec. Manuel Castells gave ongoing support, and Fiona Wilson encouraged us unstintingly with good suggestions at conferences. The research for this book would not have been possible without the interest and assistance of institutions and individuals in the field. We are very grateful to everyone who took the time to be interviewed or provide primary docu- ments, but a few deserve special mention. In Bolivia, former members of the Andean Oral History Workshop, especially Carlos Mamani and Maria Eugenia Choque, enthusiastically embraced our project. They willingly offered inter- views, facilitated contacts with indigenous leaders, and invited us to meetings and other events as participant observers. Esteban Ticona and Ricardo Calla of the Universidad de la Cordillera in La Paz also provided invaluable insight, as well as access to important documented materials. Maria Ester Udaeta of the Campesino Promotion and Information Center in La Paz was especially helpful with information and her views on water politics and policy. We are also grateful to the National Council of Ayllus and Markas and the Indigenous Confederation of the Bolivian lowlands, who provided primary documents, invited us to workshops and assemblies, and gave in-depth interviews. Likewise, we thank leaders of the Confederation of Bolivian Peasant Workers, who took time out to be interviewed. Members of international development organiza- tions operating in Bolivia, especially Hans Hoffmeyer, David Tuchschneider, and Liz Ditchburn, deserve thanks for their interest in and support of our research. In the Cochabamba region, Pablo Regalsky, Maggie Anderson, Pamela Calla, Maria Esther Pozo, and Carlos Crespo provided invaluable support by way of interviews, feedback, and criticism, contacts for further research, and invitations