Essentials of Diabetes Medicine

Leslie Bahn Kawa

Description

Leslie Bahn Kawa, a Papua New Guinean physician working as a consultant, highlights the soaring health and human costs tied to the increasing prevalence of diabetes.
Essentials in Diabetes Medicine serves as an essential resource for medical students, medical professionals, patients, and caregivers.
Leslie Bahn Kawa, a Papua New Guinean physician working as a consultant in acute and general internal medicine, highlights the soaring health and human costs tied to the increasing prevalence of diabetes. He presents the academic and the clinical management aspects of diabetes for students and the front-end healthcare practitioners. In addition, he identifies appropriate policies and legislation that could help mitigate the crisis.
The book provides:
• clear information on diabetes, including its pathology, diagnosis, classification, and management;
• insights on its complications and the comorbidities in contemporary practice;
• and information on how to prevent diabetes and manage overt diabetes.
The author notes that dieting, exercise, and pharmacotherapies remain the three pillars of diabetes management. In fact, randomized clinical trials show that diabetes is preventable among high-risk groups of different populations in different geographies by focusing on those three things.
Get valuable information on diabetes and an array of perspectives on how to manage the disease depending on an individual’s lifestyle, so patients can continue to enjoy life to the fullest.

Sujets

• Santé et bien-être
• Santé du quotidien
• Santé au quotidien
• Santé au quotidien
• Éducation
• Fitness
• Diabetes
• Health
• Education
• Medicine
• Diabetes mellitus
• Diseases

Informations

• Publié par: AuthorHouse UK
• Date de parution: 23 mai 2023
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781665597654
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Essentials of Diabetes Medicine
LESLIE BAHN KAWA

© 2023 Leslie Bahn Kawa. All rights reserved.
 
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.
 
AuthorHouse™ UK
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Bloomington, IN 47403 USA
www.authorhouse.co.uk
UK TFN: 0800 0148641 (Toll Free inside the UK)
UK Local: 02036 956322 ([phone] from outside the UK)
 
Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.
 
Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.
Certain stock imagery © Getty Images.
 
 
 
ISBN: 978-1-6655-9764-7 (sc)
ISBN: 978-1-6655-9765-4 (e)
 
 
 
Published by AuthorHouse 05/22/2023

Contents

Acknowledgement
Preface
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus
Global Diabetes Epidemiology
Regional Diabetes Epidemiology
National Diabetes Epidemiology
Mechanism of Diabetes Epidemic
Potential Therapeutic Approach to Curbing the Diabetes Epidemic
Key Messages :
Chapter 2Fundamentals of Diabetes Prevention
Evidence in Diabetes Prevention
Diabetes Prevention Strategies
Types of Diabetes Prevention Approaches
Screening for Diabetes
Diabetes Risks Assessment and Stratifications
Key Messages :
Chapter 3Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis of Prediabetes
Formation and Roles of Glycated Haemoglobin A1c (HBA1c)
Classification of Diabetes
Heterogeneity of Diabetes
Key Messages :
Chapter 4Management of Diabetes
Lifestyle Modification Therapy
Pre-Exercise Medical Assessment
Pharmacotherapy
Optimisation of Glycaemic Control
Key Messages :
Chapter 5Insulin Management
History of Insulin
Physiology of Insulin Production and Secretion
Classification of Insulins
Indications for Initiation of Insulin Therapy in Diabetes
Key Messages
Chapter 6Management of Diabetes Complications
Classification of Diabetes Complications
Management of Acute Complications of Diabetes
Management of Chronic Complications of Diabetes
Key Messages :
Chapter 7Management of Comorbidities in Diabetes
Management of Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes Patients
Mnemonic For Optimal Management of Diabetes, Its Complications And The Comorbidities
Key Messages :
Chapter 8Obesity and Diabetes (Diabesity)
Epidemiology of Obesity
Diagnostic Tools for Obesity
Pathophysiology of Obesity
Types of Fat Distribution and Impacts on Lifestyle Diseases
Ethnic Variation in Adipose Tissues
The Roles of Adipose Tissues
Role of Obesity in Cancers
Management of Obesity
Key Messages :
Chapter 9Metabolic Syndrome
Definition of Metabolic syndrome (MeS)
Epidemiology of Metabolic Syndrome
Pathological and Clinical Significances of the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
Management of Metabolic Syndrome (MeS)
Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Metabolic Syndrome (MeS)
Childhood Metabolic Syndrome (MeS)
Key Messages :
Chapter 10Behaviour and Psychological Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Behavioural Aspects of Diabetes Prevention
Psychological Issues in Diabetes Patients
Key Messages :
Chapter 11Healthcare Models in Clinical Practice
Acute Care Clinical Model
Chronic Care Model (CCM)
Patient Empowerment
Diabetes Self-Education Management (DSEM)
Key Messages :
Chapter 12Living with Diabetes
Diabetes in Pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Drinking Alcohol in Diabetes
Exercise with Diabetes
Driving with diabetes
Fasting with Diabetes
Travelling with Diabetes
Sick Day Rules
Key Messages :

Essentials of Diabetes Medicine
Dedication

To my wife, Maggie, and our four children,
McClee, Tamara, Zarrah, and Briah
Acknowledgement

This book has been a project designed after the completion of the Postgraduate Diploma in Diabetes Medicine from the University of Leicester, United Kingdom, accredited by the International Diabetes Federation. The structure of the book has been designed to reflect the discussions made by the students and the tutors at the time and I would like to acknowledge their contributions.
I also would like to acknowledge the Author House Editorial and the Support teams for the edition, designing and the support provided throughout the process of the publication. Finally, this project wouldn’t have been successful without the support of my family.
Disclaimer

The author has endeavoured to ensure that this book was written with all up-to-date information. However, with increasing evidence and subtle changes in practice, the readership might find some information obsolete. It is, therefore, recommended that the readership seek further information on the subject matter. The author does not accept any culpability for an incorrect clinical decision based on any aspects of this book.

Essentials of Diabetes Medicine
Leslie Bahn Kawa MSc, MRCP UK, FRCP Edin.
Consultant Physician Acute & General Internal Medicine
East Sussex NHS Trust
United Kingdom
Preface

Diabetes is a global epidemic affecting all levels of societies and is expected to rise in the coming decades. The rising incidences of diabetes, especially the type 2 diabetes, continue unabated as the population increases and turn to the ‘westernised lifestyle’ and away from the traditional lifestyle. It is a disease with high financial burden, costing individuals and the healthcare systems throughout the world, billions of dollars. The human costs—loss of lives and poor quality of life are immeasurable.
Recent medical advances made in understanding the pathophysiology, treatment, and optimal management strategies have transformed diabetes from a fatal disease into a chronic illness that is essentially self-manageable by patients. Patient’s education on lifestyle, exercise prescriptions, and management of diabetes with the new armaments have shown to improve outcomes.
Management of diabetes in the developed world is not as easy as it may seem; physicians and patients’ psychological inertias, non-compliance, and complex management of complications are some barriers that affect the disease outcome.
Management of diabetes in the developing world where two-thirds of the diabetes population live is extremely difficult. Lack of appropriate healthcare institutions, trained professionals, and resources poses greater challenges in managing this epidemic. Addressing these issues in a holistic manner will lead to proper control and management of the epidemic.
Diabetes training and education for all healthcare workers is one of the cornerstones of addressing this epidemic. For this reason, this book has been written purposely to impart to the healthcare professionals the necessary knowledge and tools to manage their diabetes patients appropriately and optimally. It is also expected to be a resourceful material for those embarking in studies related to diabetes.
The concepts and management strategies written in this book, if understood and applied at the bedside by any healthcare professionals, then the management of patients with diabetes can be an enjoyable journey for both the patients and their health careers. And I would have achieved my objective in writing Essentials of Diabetes Medicine .
List of Abbreviations

ABI . ankle-brachial index
ACCORD . Action to Control Cardiovascular Risks in Diabetes Trial
ACE-I . angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors
ACOG . American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
ACSM . American College of Sports Medicine
ADA . American Diabetes Association
AGEs . advanced glycation end products
AHA . American Heart Association
ARB . angiotensin receptor blockers
ATP . adenosine triphosphate
ATP III . Adult Treatment Panel III
BG . blood glucose
BMI . body mass index
CAD . coronary artery disease
CABG . coronary artery bypass graft
CBG . capillary blood glucose
CCB . calcium channel blockers
CCM . chronic care model
CIIP . continuous insulin infusion pump
CRF . chronic renal failure
CSIIP . continuous subcutaneous insulin pump
CVE . cardiovascular events
CVD . cardiovascular disease
DAFNE . dose adjustment for normal eating
DCCT . Diabetes Control and Complication Trial
DESMOND . diabetes education and self-management for newly diagnosed diabetes
DKA . diabetes ketoacidosis
DPP . American Diabetes Prevention Program
DPP4 . diethyl peptide peptidase 4
DR . diabetic retinopathy
DPS . Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
EASD . European Association of Study of Diabetes
ESRF . End-stage renal failure
FFA . free fatty acids
FPG . fasting plasma glucose
FRII . fixed rate insulin infusion
GADA . glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody
GDM . gestational diabetes mellitus
GFR . glomerular filtration rate
GIP . glucose-dependent insulinotrophic peptide
GLP-1 . Glucagon-like peptide 1
GLP-1RA . Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonist
HAF . hypoglycaemic autonomic failure
HBA1c . Glycated H