Diabetes and Endocrinology

Mushtaq Haroon, Sundus Maryium Husnain

Description

This concise book on endocrinology and diabetes deals with the core knowledge with emphasis on clinical application, bed side assessment, evaluation, and workup of such patients.

It is richly loaded with lists and tables outlining the clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes and Endocrinology serves as an invaluable supplement for the preparation of undergraduate and postgraduate viva voce and bedside short and long case examination. Facts are outlined in tabulated format for easy access and learning. Photographs and figures are added where necessary to augment understanding. The book will provide relevant knowledge and clinical skills to diagnose and assess the patient’s problem and address most clinical perils in the subject at the bedside.

Sujets

• PCOS (disambiguation)
• Endocrine disease
• Neuroendocrine tumor
• Diabetic foot
• Inborn error of metabolism
• Hypogonadism
• Gestational diabetes
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Growth
• HHS
• Parathyroid gland
• Anti-diabetic medication
• Diabetic coma
• Pituitary gland
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Obesity
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Pancreas
• Thyroid
• Insulin
• Hypoglycemia
• Diet
• Adrenal gland
• Département de la Santé et des Services sociaux des États-Unis
• Diabetes
• Endocrinology

Informations

• Publié par: Momentum Press
• Date de parution: 24 mars 2021
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781946646736
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

Diabetes and Endocrinology
Diabetes and Endocrinology
Essentials of Clinical Practice
Mushtaq Haroon and Sundus Maryium Husnain
Diabetes and Endocrinology: Essentials of Clinical Practice
Copyright © Momentum Press, LLC, 2021.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other except for brief quotations, not to exceed 400 words, without the prior permission of the publisher.
First published in 2021 by
Momentum Press, LLC
222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017
www.momentumpress.net
ISBN-13: 978-1-94664-672-9 (paperback)
ISBN-13: 978-1-94664-673-6 (e-book)
Momentum Press Health Education Collection
Cover and interior design by Exeter Premedia Services Private Ltd., Chennai, India
First edition: 2021
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is dedicated to my loving wife, Romana. My daughters Sundus, Saima, and Anum.
Description
This concise book on endocrinology and diabetes deals with the core knowledge with emphasis on clinical application, bed side assessment, evaluation, and workup of such patients. It is richly loaded with lists and tables outlining the clinical features, diagnosis, and management.
Diabetes and Endocrinology serves as an invaluable supplement for the preparation of undergraduate and postgraduate viva voce and bedside short and long case examination. Facts are outlined in tabulated format for easy access and learning. Photographs and figures are added where necessary to augment understanding. The book will provide relevant knowledge and clinical skills to diagnose and assess the patient’s problem and address most clinical perils in the subject at the bedside.
Keywords
Endocrinology; endocrine diseases; diabetes; endocrine examination; diabetic complications; DKA; HHS; diabetic types; gestational diabetes; diabetic retinopathy; diabetic neuropathy; diabetic foot; hypoglycemia; pituitary; thyroid; parathyroid; pancreatic diseases; adrenal; neuroendocrine tumors; diabetic treatment; diabetic coma; oral hypoglycemic; insulin; hypogonadism; PCOS; diet; obesity; growth; endocrine investigations; metabolic disease
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
History
Past and family history
History of treatment
Examination
Summary of examination
Pituitary gland
Pituitary incidentaloma
Diabetes insipidus
Acromegaly
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary apoplexy
Prolactinoma
Craniopharyngioma
Lymphocytic hypophysitis
Empty sella syndrome
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
Hyponatremia
Reset osmostat
Parathyroid gland
Vitamin D
Hyperparathyroidism
Secondary HPTH
Tertiary HPTH
Hypercalcemia
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Paget’s disease
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia
Postoperative hypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Pseudopseudo hypoparathyroidism
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Thyroid gland
Thyrotoxicosis
Grave’s disease
T3 toxicosis
Subclinical thyrotoxicosis
Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis
Hypothyroidism
Euthyroid hyperthyroxemia
Subclinical hypothyroidism
Sick euthyroid syndrome
Goiter
Thyroid nodule
Papillary carcinoma thyroid
Follicular carcinoma thyroid
Anaplastic carcinoma thyroid
Medullary carcinoma thyroid
Thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
De Quervain thyroiditis
Riedel’s Thyroiditis
Postpartum Thyroiditis
Suppurative Thyroiditis
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
Adrenal gland
Adrenal incidentaloma
Cushing’s syndrome
Hypoadrenalism
Conn’s syndrome
Liddle’s syndrome
Bartter syndrome
Gitelman’s syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Pancreas
Diabetes mellitus
Classification
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 1a
Type 1b
Type 2 diabetes
Type 3 diabetes
Type 4 diabetes
ADA classification of diabetes
A New proposed classification of diabetes
MODY
Other types of diabetes
Genetic disease and type of diabetes
LADA
Lipoatrophic diabetes
Insulin resistance
Prediabetes
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)
Impaired glucose tolerance
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes and COVID-19
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus
Diagnosis of diabetes
Glycated hemoglobin
Glycemic threshold
Glycated albumin
Risk of Developing Diabetes
Waist circumference and risk of diabetes
Prevention of diabetes
Pathophysiological principles of diabetes
Clinical features
Examination
Complications of diabetes
Control of BSL and risk of complications
Macrovascular and microvascular complications 137
Major diabetic complications
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Kidney disease and hypertension
Diabetic neuropathy
Peripheral arterial disease
Ankle-brachial index
Diabetic foot
Metabolic Complications and Diabetic Comas
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia unawareness
Hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure
Hyperglycemic states
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
Ketosis-Prone Diabetes
Cerebral edema
Diabetic dyslipidemia
Diabetes and heart disease
CVA or stroke
Diabetes and NASH
Diabetes and Fasting
Principals of management of diabetes
Patient education
Patient on insulin
Targets for diabetes
Lifestyle changes and diet plan
Glycemic index
Pharmacological management Online
Choices of treatment
Diabetic control algorithm
Oral hypoglycemic
Metformin
SGLT 2 inhibitors
DPP-4 inhibitors
GLP-1 receptor agonists
Secretagogues (sulfonylureas)
Thiazolidinediones
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Other agents
Summary
Insulin
Characteristics
Insulin pump
Treatable factors in insulin resistance
Lipodystrophy
Starting insulin for hospitalized patients
Management of diabetes during surgery
Honeymoon periods
Somogyi effect
Dawn phenomenon
UKPDS trial
DCCT/EDIC trial
Some recent advances
Metabolic syndrome
Management outline
Neuroendocrine tumors
Insulinoma
Glucagonoma
Gastrinomas
Carcinoids
Reproductive system
Hypogonadism
Delayed puberty
Klinefelter syndrome
Kallmann syndrome
Turner syndrome
Menopause
Polycyctic ovarian syndrome
Obesity
Dietary facts
Leptin
Neuropeptide Y
Ghrelin
Brown adipose tissue
Melatonin
Short stature
Tumor markers in endocrinology
List of Contributors
About the Authors
Index
Foreword
Endocrinology much like medicine, is expanding at such rapid pace in our times that it is difficult to keep up with the latest developments. New clinically applied developments have been added as much as possible. Endocrinology traditionally deals with the function and dysfunction of the endocrine glands namely thyroid, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, pancreas, parathyroids, and the reproductive glands. The specialty also deals with metabolic diseases and other hormone related problems like in oncology, cardiovascular system, growth, and obesity. Diabetes is said to have assumed pandemic proportions with almost 400 million affected worldwide and forms a major portion of the endocrine disease burden. The authors has made every effort to update the contents and summarize the vast knowledge related to this exciting field.
Preface
This is the first edition of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Essentials of Clinical Practice, which deals especially with the applied aspects in endocrinology. It fulfills the necessity to rapidly assess and memorize concise, relevant, and important facts of disease in a listed format for both trainees and doctors at all levels. It’s an invaluable compendium for the medical student, young doctor, or a postgraduate to get through any examination. Pathophysiological principles of disease, examination, diagnosis, and management are clearly outlined. A wealth of lists and tables are used to convey facts. The book intends to answer most bedside queries and problems and provide the arsenal to solve bedside problems of patients efficiently and appear in undergraduate and postgraduate examination with confidence. We are indebted to our fellow endocrinologists, collogues, and students alike who have given valuable suggestions and constructive criticism while writing the manuscript.
—Dr. M. Haroon MBBS (Pb); MCPS (Pak); MRCP (UK), FRCP (London)
—Dr. Sundus Maryium Husnain MBBS (Pb); FCPS medicine (Pak)
Acknowledgments
I am ever grateful to the Lord Almighty, Allah Subhana wa Taala, for granting me the knowledge and strength to reproduce what I have learned through my teachers, colleagues, students, and patients. The time spent in working on the book has undoubtedly been sacrificed by my wife and children for whose endless support I am forever indebted. I o