Complete Remote Pilot

Bob Gardner, David Ison

Description

This textbook is for anyone interested in pursuing and obtaining a Remote Pilot Certificate, which is required in order to operate drones for commercial use. With a friendly and readable style, the authors cover all of the details involved in becoming a competent, responsible, and safe remote pilot, opening up tremendous opportunities for flying increasingly affordable and sophisticated small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUAS). An FAA Knowledge Exam is a requirement for earning a Remote Pilot Certificate. The Complete Remote Pilot is designed to not only prepare you for the exam but to teach you about how drones fly, their components and systems, and the aeronautical knowledge required to fly in the same airspace as crewed aircraft. This book covers specifics on drone terminology, regulations, airspace and navigation, airport and off-airport operations, radio communication procedures, weather, aerodynamics and aircraft performance, emergency procedures, human factors, maintenance, and preflight inspection procedures.This second edition incorporates regulation changes in 14 CFR Parts 89 and 107 for sUAS equipment; operating at night and over people; remote pilot knowledge, training, and certification; and remote identification of uncrewed aircraft. The required aeronautical knowledge is augmented with specific tips and techniques, checklists, and mnemonic devices, as well as review questions for each chapter similar to the type found on the FAA test, a comprehensive glossary, and index. You will gain the practical knowledge needed to pass the FAA Knowledge Exam and understand how to operate safely as a remote pilot in the U.S. National Airspace System.

Informations

• Publié par: Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 0001
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781644252109
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 30 Mo

Extrait

SECOND EDITION Bob Gardner and David Ison TH R E E C M O O M TE PL P E I T L E OT

THECOMPLETE REMOTE PILOT

SECOND EDITION Bob Gardner and Davîd Ison

TM AVIATION SUPPLIES & ACADEMICS, INC. NEWCASTLE, WASHINGTON

he Complete Remote Pilot Second Edîîon by Bob Gardner and Davîd ïson

Avîaîon Suppîes & Academîcs, ïnc. 7005 132nd Pace SE Newcase, Wasîngon 98059 [e-mail] | 425-235-1500 | asa2ly.com

See e ASA websîe aasa2ly.com/reader/rptor e “Reader Resources” page conaînîng addîîona înormaîon and updaes reaîng o îs book.

Copyrîg © 2018-2022 Avîaîon Suppîes & Academîcs, ïnc.

A rîgs reserved. No par o îs pubîcaîon may be reproduced, sored în a rerîeva sysem, or ransmîed în any orm or by any means, eecronîc, mecanîca, poocopy, recordîng, or oerwîse, wîou e prîor wrîen permîssîon o e copyrîg oder. Wîe every precauîon as been aken în e preparaîon o îs book, e pubîser, Bob Gardner, and Davîd ïson assume no responsîbîîy or damages resuîng rom e use o e înormaîon conaîned ereîn.

None o e maerîa în îs book supersedes any operaîona documens or procedures îssued by e Federa Avîaîon Admînîsraîon, aîrcrat and avîonîcs manuacurers, lîg scoos, or e operaors o aîrcrat. he car excerps conaîned în îs manua are reproducîons or exampe ony and are no înended o be used or navîgaîon.

ASA-RPT2-PD ïSBN 978-1-64425-210-9

Addîîona ormas avaîabe: Sotcover ïSBN 978-1-64425-207-9 eBook EPUB ïSBN 978-1-64425-209-3 eBunde ïSBN 978-1-64425-208-6 (prîn + eBook PDF downoad code)

Cover poos—Front:Jacques Tarnero/Suersock.com.Back:ony_kîm/Suersock.com.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Names: Gardner, Bob, 1928-2021 auor. | ïson, Davîd C., auor. Tîe: he compee remoe pîo / Bob Gardner and Davîd ïson. Descrîpîon: Second edîîon. | Newcase, Wasîngon : Avîaîon Suppîes & Academîcs, ïnc., [2022] | ïncudes îndex. ïdenîIers: LCCN 2022009299 (prîn) | LCCN 2022009300 (ebook) | ïSBN 9781644252079 (rade paperback) | ïSBN 9781644252093 (epub) | ïSBN 9781644252109 (pd) | ïSBN 9781644252086 Subjecs: LCSH: Drone aîrcrat. | Drone aîrcrat—Governmen poîcy—Unîed Saes. | Drone aîrcrat—Sudy and eacîng—Unîed Saes. | Aîr raic rues—Unîed Saes. CassîIcaîon: LCC TL685.35 .G37 2022 (prîn) | LCC TL685.35 (ebook) | DDC 629.133/39— dc23/eng/20220316 LC record avaîabe a ps://ccn.oc.gov/2022009299 LC ebook record avaîabe a ps://ccn.oc.gov/2022009300

Contents

1

2

3

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................vî Abou e Auors .........................................................................................................vîî Geîng Sared ..............................................................................................................vîîî

Uncrewed Aircrat Systems: Learning the Language o Drones... 1 A Very Brîe Hîsory o Uncrewed Aîrcrat Sysems (UAS) ....................................... 1 Terms and Abbrevîaîons ................................................................................................ 2 Types o UAS..................................................................................................................... 4 UAS Componens............................................................................................................. 5 Common Uses o sUAS ................................................................................................... 9 Summary .........................................................................................................................11 Revîew Quesîons...........................................................................................................12

Regulations: Remote Pilot Certificate sUAS Rating Privileges, Limitations, and Flight Operations..................................................13 Governmen Reguaîons and Oer Procedures Pubîcaîons................................13 Car Suppemens U.S. ................................................................................................27 AdvîsoryCîrcuars.........................................................................................................27 QR Codes ........................................................................................................................28 Noîces o Aîr Mîssîons (NOTAMs)............................................................................28 Avîaîon Medîa ...............................................................................................................28 Revîew Quesîons...........................................................................................................30

Airspace and Navigation ................................................................. 35 AeronauîcaCars.......................................................................................................35 GeograpîcaCoordînaes............................................................................................36 Tîme .................................................................................................................................36 Saue and Nauîca Mîe Scae ....................................................................................37 Magneîc Varîaîon ........................................................................................................37 Correcîng or Wînd Drît ............................................................................................38 Ground Speed vs. Aîrspeed ..........................................................................................39 Car Readîng.................................................................................................................39 Aîrspace...........................................................................................................................40 Termîna Radar Servîce Area........................................................................................46 SpecîaUseAîrspace......................................................................................................46

iii

4

5

6

7

Aîr Deense ïdenîIcaîon Zones .................................................................................48 Wîdîe Reuge Area......................................................................................................48 Revîew Quesîons...........................................................................................................49

Airport and Of-Airport Operations ................................................ 53 he Aîrpor .....................................................................................................................53 Crosswînd Operaîons...................................................................................................57 Wake Turbuence............................................................................................................58 Operaîons a Non-Tower Aîrpors .............................................................................58 Operaîons a Aîrpors wî Conro Towers .............................................................60 Of-Aîrpor Operaîons.................................................................................................62 FyîngaNîg................................................................................................................65 Revîew Quesîons...........................................................................................................66

Radio Communication Procedures ................................................ 69 RadîoProcedures...........................................................................................................71 Radîo Use a Non-Tower Aîrpors...............................................................................72 Communîcaîon a Aîrpors wî Operaîng Towers................................................73 Aîr Traic Conro Radar Servîces...............................................................................74 ADS-B..............................................................................................................................74 Remoe ïdenîIcaîon (RïD).........................................................................................75 Radîo Communîcaîon Praseoogy and Tecnîque ................................................76 Revîew Quesîons...........................................................................................................79

Weather: General Weather Theory, Aviation Weather Sources, and Efects o Weather on sUAS Perormance..............................81 Frons...............................................................................................................................84 Sabîîy ............................................................................................................................86 Coud Famîîes................................................................................................................86 hundersorms ...............................................................................................................87 Wînd Sear .....................................................................................................................89 Fog....................................................................................................................................90 Srucura ïcîng and Fros .............................................................................................91 Cod Weaer Operaîons .............................................................................................91 Lake Efec Snow ............................................................................................................92 Usîng Your Weaer Knowedge ..................................................................................92 Learnîng More Abou Weaer ....................................................................................92 Overvîew .........................................................................................................................94 heAWCHomePage....................................................................................................94 Texua Weaer Producs...........................................................................................104 Auomaed Weaer Reporîng Saîons ...................................................................106 Oer Less Frequeny Used Resources ....................................................................107 Pracîca Sources or e Remoe Pîo......................................................................108 Summary .......................................................................................................................109 Revîew Quesîons.........................................................................................................110

Perormance ..................................................................................... 113 A Very Brîe ïnroducîon o Aerodynamîcs............................................................113 Weîg and Baance .....................................................................................................115 Weîg and Baance Cacuaîons ..............................................................................116

iv  Contents

8

9

Perormance..................................................................................................................117 Densîy Aîude ...........................................................................................................117 Takeof and Cîmb Perormance ................................................................................118 Endurance .....................................................................................................................120 Landîng Dîsance .........................................................................................................120 Aerodynamîc Efecs....................................................................................................120 Vorex Rîng Sae..........................................................................................................121 Ground Efec ...............................................................................................................121 Trîm ..............................................................................................................................121 Revîew Quesîons.........................................................................................................123

Emergency Procedures.................................................................. 125 Conîngency Pannîng.................................................................................................125 Ground Emergencîes ...................................................................................................125 ïnlîg Emergencîes....................................................................................................126 Emergency Communîcaîons.....................................................................................130 Oer “Surprîses” .........................................................................................................130 Revîew Quesîons.........................................................................................................132

Human Factors................................................................................ 133 Hea and Envîronmena Facors............................................................................133 Decîsîon-Makîng and Judgmen................................................................................135 Rereser Traînîng .......................................................................................................136 Posîîve Conro............................................................................................................137 Rîsk Managemen and Aeronauîca Decîsîon Makîng .........................................137 Revîew Quesîons.........................................................................................................139

10 Maintenance and Preflight Inspection Procedures .................... 141 Reguaory Requîremens............................................................................................141 Prelîg ïnspecîon Consîderaîons..........................................................................141 Poslîg ïnspecîon Consîderaîons ........................................................................142 ïnspecîon ïnervas .....................................................................................................142 Baery Maînenance....................................................................................................143 Fîg and Maînenance Logs .....................................................................................144 Maînenance, Repaîr, and Repacemen o Componens........................................144 Revîew Quesîons.........................................................................................................145

Appendix A: Glossary......................................................................147

Appendix B: Chart Supplements U.S.: Airport Facility Directory Legend ............................................................................ 155

Appendix C: Chart Supplements U.S. Excerpts ...........................175

Appendix D: Additional Full-Color Illustrations ...........................179 Seae Secîona Car Excerps and Legend...........................................................179 Nor Aabama Secîona Car ................................................................................184 Aîrpor Sîgns ................................................................................................................186

Index ..................................................................................................187

Contents  v

Foreword

ï ave aways oved su a îs up în e aîr. Wen ï was a cîd, my aer was aso a bîg an, so we wen o aîr sows, ew mode aîrpanes, and woud pu over and sop aongsîde e road în our rura area o wac bîg Searmans sprayîng e arm ground. My ascînaîon wî mode aîrpanes never e, and many years aer ï înd myse makîng a îvîng ou o my obby. ï you’re consîderîng e same, îs pubîca- îon îs or you. You can y sUAS (sma uncrewed aîrcra sysems) paorms proessîonay, bu ere are requîred seps you mus ake and înormaîon you ave o know. ïn ac, you ave o become an avîaor. Te înes beween a UAV (uncrewed aîr veîce) îg and a pîoed aîr- cra are reay becomîng burred. To y an sUAS, you wî need o undersand weaer, e Naîona Aîrspace Sysem, aîrpor operaîons, and oer îems prevîousy ed or crewed aîrcra. One o e arges asks aead wî be earnîng a new anguage. Avîaîon

vi

as îs own ermînoogy, and o make î even more caengîng, so muc o î îs reerred o wî acronyms. Auors Bob Gardner and Davîd ïson ave aîd a o îs ou or you, organîzed î we or uure reerence, and încuded grea grapîcs. ï remember wacîng an enîre baaîon surrender o a drone on e nîgy news în ae 1990 and înk- îng a a o ose bad guys rew eîr ands up o a mode aîrpane. We, sor o…. Te connecîon îs rea, and î’s been very graîyîng o see so many drone pîos or e mîîary come ou o e mode aîrpane ranks. Today, e ecnoogy o muî-roors and eîr buî- în sabîîzaîon aow yîng by many more operaors wî ewer “sîck and rudder” skîs. Tîs knowedge, owever, îs sî a major par o beîng an avîaor. Davîd ïson and Bob Gardner ave wrîen a grea îg pan o obaîn a o e avîaîon knowedge requîred or becomîng “Te Compee Remoe Pîo.” Enjoy your îg!

Bî Prîce Dîrecor o Educaîon Academy o Mode Aeronauîcs

About the Authors

Bob Gardner Rober Gardner began îs yîng career în Aaska în 1960 wîe în e U.S. Coas Guard. By 1966, Bob earned îs Prîvae Land and Sea, Commercîa, ïnsru- men, ïnsrucor, CFïï and MEL. Over e nex 16 years, e was an însrucor, carer pîo, desîgnaed examîner, corporae and reîg capaîn, and dîrecor o ASA Ground Scoos. Bob ed an Aîrîne Transpor Pîo Cerîîcae wî Sînge-Engîne and Muî-Engîne Land raîngs; a CFï cerîîcae wî ïnsrumen and Muî-Engîne raîngs; and a Ground ïnsrucor’s Cerîîcae wî Advanced and ïnsrumen raîngs. ïn addîîon, Bob was a God Sea Fîg ïnsrucor and was recognîzed as a Fîg ïnsrucor o e Year în Wasîngon Sae. To op o îs împressîve îs o accompîsmens, Bob was aso a we-known auor, journaîs, aîrsow ecurer and ong-admîred member o e avîaîon communîy.

David Ison ïndusry exper Davîd C. ïson, P.D., as been învoved în avîaîon or more an 35 years, durîng wîc e as own as a îg însrucor and as an ATP or bo regîona and major aîrînes yîng domesîc and înernaîona roues. He ods ATP Muî-Engîne Land, Commercîa Sînge-Engîne Land and Sea, God Sea Cerîîed Fîg ïnsrucor, ïnsrumen Fîg ïnsrucor, Muî-Engîne Fîg ïnsrucor, Ground ïnsrucor—ïnsrumen and Advanced, Remoe Pîo, and Aîrcra Dîspacer cerîîcaîons. Dr. ïson as been în avîaîon îger educaîon or more an 15 years and curreny ods e posîîon o Proessor, Graduae Scoo, a Norcenra Unîver- sîy. He graduaed wî a Baceor o Scîence în Avîa- îon Managemen rom Auburn Unîversîy, a Maser o Scîence în Aeronauîca Scîence–Operaîons Specîa- îzaîon rom Embry-Rîdde Aeronauîca Unîversîy, and a P.D. în Educaîona Sudîes/Hîger Educaîon Leadersîp wî a specîaîzaîon în Avîaîon Educaîon rom e Unîversîy o Nebraska–Lîncon.

vii

Getting Started

INTRODUCTION by David Ison and Bob Gardner

ï îs ard no o wan o expore e possîbîîîes o becomîng a drone pîo. Drones, oîcîay reerred o as uncrewed or unmanned aîrcra sysems (UAS), provîde remendous opporunîîes or commercîa and persona use. Tey provîde a unîque vîew o our word, are reaîvey sîmpe o use, and ave become încreasîngy aordabe. Wîe UAS ave oen been vîewed as oys, ey ave become very sopîsîcaed veîces capabe o perormîng a range o asks. Tîs încrease în capabîîîes and uîîîes as resued în more common use o UAS, wî em oenîmes sarîng aîrspace wî crewed aîrcra. Tus î îs nec- essary or UAS operaors, or remoe pîos, o be aware o e varîous requîremens, reguaîons, and opera- îona prîncîpes assocîaed wî crewed aîrcra so as o saey and responsîby operae în e aîrspace above e Unîed Saes (reerred o as e Naîona Aîrspace Sysem or NAS). For many o you, îs may be e îrs îme you ave been exposed o e someîmes conusîng and com- pex naure o avîaîon and pîoîng knowedge. Even î you are a crewed aîrcra pîo, you may be unamîîar wî e înrîcacîes assocîaed wî UAS operaîons and ow ey î în wî crewed aîrcra. Readîng îs book îs your îrs sep în e pa o become a compe- en, knowedgeabe, responsîbe, and sae remoe pîo as we as prepare or e Federa Avîaîon Admînîsra- îon (FAA) wrîen knowedge es. Te îrs sep îs o coec some înormaîon a îs readîy avaîabe rom e FAA. Sînce UAS operaîons are covered by FAA reguaîons, î îs a good îdea o ge your ands on a copy o ese împoran docu- mens. Sînce ese rues ave been aîry dynamîc, ï woud sugges you vîsî e Eecronîc Code o Federa

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Reguaîons websîe (eCFR) a ecr.gov and peruse Tîe 14, wîc covers everyîng avîaîon-reaed. ïn parîcuar, you wî wan o read roug 14 CFR Pars 91 and 107. Par 91 covers genera operaîons requîre- mens or aîrcra and pîos, wîe Par 107 îs specîîc o UAS. ï îs aso recommended a you read FAA Advîsory Cîrcuar (AC) 107-2A,Small Unmanned Aircraft System (Small UAS), wîc expands upon e varîous requîremens or sUAS operaîons în e Unîed Saes. For ose o you wo are seekîng o y ony rec- reaîonay, you ecnîcay do no need a Remoe Pîo cerîîcae, bu î îs wîse o amîîarîze yourse wî e aoremenîoned înormaîon. Addîîonay, you wî wan o ge a copy o FAA Advîsory Cîrcuar 91-57B,Exception for Limited Recreational Operations of Unmanned Aircraft.You may aso wan o joîn e Academy o Mode Aeronauîcs (AMA), wîc pro- vîdes remendous resources or obbyîs pîos. Wîe e FAA provîdes some ree onîne raînîng and documens or aspîrîng remoe pîos (încudîng ose wo aready od a crewed pîo cerîîcae), a more compreensîve reerence îs necessary o uy undersand UAS and ow o saey use em în U.S. aîrspace. Tus, îs book was wrîen o ep guîde you roug e process o becomîng an educaed, responsîbe, and sae remoe pîo. Note:Te FAA and avîaîon communîy are în e process o ransîîonîng rom use o e ermsmanned andunmannedocrewedanduncrewed. Many FAA reguaîons and documens sî use e ormer, and ese erms are used înercangeaby rougou îs book, bu you can expec o see încreasîng use o crewedanduncrewedover îme.

REMOTE PILOT CERTIFICATE Tere are wo prîmary paways o becomîng a cer- îîcaed Remoe Pîo. Fîrs, î you are no a curren crewed aîrcra pîo (e.g., Prîvae Pîo, Commercîa Pîo, or ATP wî a curren îg revîew), you wî need o successuy pass e FAA Remoe Pîo know- edge exam. (Noe a a Suden Pîo cerîîcae does no suîce.) Tîs exam covers a range o opîcs, many o wîc are îkey o be unamîîar o bo crewed and uncrewed aîrcra pîos. Tereore, you wî need o do some sudyîng beore aempîng e exam. Sudy- îng îs crîîca o success. A a cos upwards o $175 or eac aemp, you do no wan o ave o ake e exam more an once; moreover, e FAA requîres you o waî 14 days o rees î you aî. ïn order o ake e Remoe Pîo exam, you mus be a eas 16 years o age, and you mus receîve a score o a eas 70 percen o pass. Prîor o akîng e exam, you soud creae an ïnegraed Aîrman Cerîîcaîon and Raîng Appîcaîon (ïACRA) accoun by vîsîîng îacra.aa.gov. Aer passîng e exam, you wî compee your ïACRA appîcaîon or e Remoe Pîo cerîîcae wî an sUAS raîng. A emporary cerîîcae, good or 120 days, wî be îssued. Once your appîcaîon as been oîcîay processed, you wî receîve a permanen cer- îîcae în e maî. Te second paway appîes o cerîîcaed crewed aîrcra pîos (excudîng Suden Pîos) wo are cur- ren per 14 CFR §61.56. Addîîonay, you wî need o compee e FAA’s onîne Par 107 raînîng course wîc, upon compeîon, wî provîde you wî a cer- îîcae as evîdence o e acîevemen. You wî en need o appy vîa a Fîg Sandards Dîsrîc Oîce (FSDO), desîgnaed pîo examîner, aîrman cerîîca- îon represenaîve, cerîîcaed îg însrucor, or oer person auorîzed by e FAA admînîsraor. You wî be îssued a emporary cerîîcae a îs vaîd or 120 days, aer wîc you wî receîve a permanen cerîîcae în e maî.

WHAT WILL THIS BOOK DO FOR YOU? A quîck searc o e ïnerne and popuar onîne reaîers wî dîspay amos endess numbers o resources o sudy or e Remoe Pîo exam and o

prepare or yîng UAS recreaîonay or or busîness. Unorunaey, mos mîss many o e nuances assocî- aed wî aeronauîca knowedge and oen sîmpy regurgîae, în overy erse ex or ouîne orm, wa e FAA as reeased. Tese resources don’ provîde e mos eîcacîous or eîcîen way o become a com- peen remoe pîo. Tîs ex îs desîgned o no ony prepare you or e exam, bu aso o ep you earn ow UAS y, ow o îneîgeny ak abou em and eîr componens, and o be we-versed în e aeronauîca knowedge requîred o y ese sysems în e same aîrspace as arge commercîa jes. Our goa îs o provîde împoran deaîs în down- o-ear anguage. Weer or no you aready know a îng or wo abou yîng, îs book wî brîng îngs îno perspecîve specîîcay or e remoe pîo. Avîa- îon as îs own anguage, muc o wîc remoe pîos need o know o undersand e înrîcacîes assocîaed wî yîng. Someîmes e erms, maps, and repors avaîabe o e crewed aîrcra word are somewa compex and conusîng. Ta’s wa îs book îs or—o guîde you roug îs unamîîar errîory (or reres your memory abou î) so you never ave o ee os. Here are some exampes o îngs you need o know, bu may no ye be prepared o perorm: • Dîd you know a you soud no ypîcay y UAS wîîn 5 nauîca mîes o an aîrpor wî a conro ower? • How do you know you’re wîîn 5 nauîca mîes? • Wa îs a nauîca mîe? • How do you know î an aîrpor as a conro ower? Tese are jus a ew exampes o quesîons you wî be abe o answer wî e ep o îs book. And îs îs jus one îny bî o avîaîon knowedge rom e peora o înormaîon wî wîc you mus be amî- îar. Fear no, owever, because we’ guîde you roug î a. Bes o a, eac esson as revîew quesîons o ensure you undersand e maerîa, as we as o ep prepare you or your wrîen exam. You may aso wan o purcase ASA’sRemote Pilot Test Prepbook o ocus în on e exam îse, and addîîona înormaîon and updaes reaîng o îs book are avaîabe on e reader resources webpage a asa2y.com/reader/rp. We, e’s ge sared!

Gettîng Started  ix