The impact of the African Charter and the Maputo Protocol in selected African states

Victor Oluwasina Ayeni

Description

The year 2016 was declared by the African Union as the African ‘Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women’ to commemorate and celebrate significant milestones in the realisation of human rights on the African continent. The year marks the 35th anniversary of the adoption of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter), 30th year since coming into force of the African Charter and 10 years since the inauguration of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights.Since its adoption, the African Charter has been supplemented by the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol). All AU member states (with the exception of new comer South Sudan) are state parties to the African Charter, and 36 of them have accepted the Maputo Protocol.This book assesses the impact and effectiveness of the African Charter and the Maputo Protocol in 17 African countries, namely Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The book is the result of research conducted by selected alumni of the Centre for Human Rights’ LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa programme.The Centre for Human Rights, which in 2016 is also celebrating 30 years of human rights education, intends to use this research as the basis for a continuously updated database on the impact of the African Charter and Maputo Protocol.

Sujets

• Economie
• développement
• Politics
• Relations internationales
• Développement
• Géopolitique

Informations

• Publié par: PULP (Pretoria University Law Press)
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 3
• EAN13: 9781920538477
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

The impact of the African Charter and the Maputo Protocol in selected African states

Editor Victor Oluwasina Ayeni LLM HRDA (Pretoria), LLB (Akungba), BL (Abuja) Doctoral Candidate, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria

2016

Title: The impact of the African Charter and the Maputo Protocol in selected African states

Published by: Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) The Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) is a publisher at the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa. PULP endeavours to publish and make available innovative, high-quality scholarly texts on law in Africa. PULP also publishes a series of collections of legal documents related to public law in Africa, as well as text books from African countries other than South Africa.

For more information on PULP, see www.pulp.up.ac.za

Printed and bound by: BusinessPrint, Pretoria

To order, contact: PULP Faculty of Law University of Pretoria South Africa 0002 Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.pulp.up.ac.za

Cover: Yolanda Booyzen, Centre for Human Rights

ISBN: 978-1-920538-47-7

© 2016

Printed in the Republic of South Africa

Seventeen countries covered in this book

TABLE OF CONTENTS

................................................................................................................... vii Preface

.................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Victor Oluwasina Ayeni

Burkina Faso ................................................................................................17 Kounkinè Augustin Somé

.....................................................................................................31 Cameroon Polycarp Ngufor Forkum

................................................................................................45 Côte d’Ivoire Kounkinè Augustin Somé Armand Tanoh

........................................................................................................57 Ethiopia Meskerem Geset Techane

.........................................................................................................75 Gambia Satang Nabaneh

Ghana ...........................................................................................................95 Michael Gyan Nyarko

Kenya .......................................................................................................... 115 Saoyo Tabitha Griffith Paul Ogendi

Lesotho ....................................................................................................... 133 Sizakele Hlatshwayo

........................................................................................................ 149 Malawi Sarai Chisala-Tempelhoff Seun Solomon Bakare

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface ................................................................................................................... vii

.................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Victor Oluwasina Ayeni

................................................................................................17 Burkina Faso Kounkinè Augustin Somé

.....................................................................................................31 Cameroon Polycarp Ngufor Forkum

................................................................................................45 Côte d’Ivoire Kounkinè Augustin Somé Armand Tanoh

Ethiopia ........................................................................................................57 Meskerem Geset Techane

..................................................................................................75 The Gambia Satang Nabaneh

...........................................................................................................95 Ghana Michael Gyan Nyarko

Kenya .......................................................................................................... 115 Saoyo Tabitha Griffith Paul Ogendi

Lesotho ....................................................................................................... 133 Sizakele Hlatshwayo

Malawi ........................................................................................................ 149 Sarai Chisala-Tempelhoff Seun Solomon Bakare

v

.................................................................................................... 165 Mauritius Meskerem Geset Techane Roopanand Mahadew

........................................................................................................ 183 Nigeria Victor Oluwasina Ayeni

............................................................................................... 203 Sierra Leone Augustine Sorie Marrah

............................................................................................... 215 South Africa Ofentse Motlhasedi Linette du Toit

Swaziland ................................................................................................... 233 Dumsani Dlamini Sizakele Hlatshwayo

Tanzania ..................................................................................................... 249 Grace Kamugisha Kazoba Charles Mmbando

Uganda ....................................................................................................... 263 Agaba Daphine Kabagambe

Zimbabwe ................................................................................................... 281 Tarisai Mutangi

Conclusion ................................................................................................. 297 Victor Oluwasina Ayeni

....................................................................................................... 315 Bibliography

Questionnaire used for the study....................................................... 329

PREFACE

This book assesses the impact and effectiveness of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter) and the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) in 17 African countries, namely Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauri- tius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimba- bwe.

Apart from the introductory and concluding chapters, each chapter of the book is devoted to the impact of the African Charter and the Maputo Protocol in a particular state. The chapters are structured according to the 15 research questions included in the study questionnaire that was provided to researchers. Typically, each chapter begins with an introduction which provides a background and overview of the general context of human rights and the situation of women in the study country. The concluding part of each country chapter highlights the factors which have impeded or enhanced the impact of the African Charter and Maputo Protocol in that country.

The Centre for Human Rights intends to use this research as the basis for a continu- ously updated database on the impact of the African Charter and Maputo Protocol. The ‘first edition’ of this book, published under the title ‘The impact of the African Charter and Women’s Protocol in selected African states’, appeared in 2012 and covered the following 19 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Gambia, Kenya Lesotho, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Zimbabwe. This edition is essentially an exten- sion and a reworking of the first edition. Some new country chapters - Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Swaziland, Tanzania and Uganda – have been introduced, while some country chapters - Benin, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Mozambique, Niger and Senegal – have been dropped due to our inability to find suitable researchers from those countries within the period the research was carried out.

We therefore invite anyone who has any information to supplement, update or correct the information in this publication to contact us at [e-mail] or hrda.alum- [e-mail]. Information about the impact of the African Charter and Maputo Proto- col in countries not covered in this publication is also welcome.

vii

The researchers for both editions are mostly alumni of the Master’s programme in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa, presented by the Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria.

The first edition of this publication was based on research conducted as part of ‘The State of the Union’ initiative, supported by OXFAM whose financial contribution is gratefully acknowledged. The support of the Norwegian government in developing and publishing this edition of the publication is also gratefully acknowledged.

ACDHRS

ACERWC

ACHPR

AHRLJ

AHRLR

AIDS

APRM

AU

CALS

CANGO

CEDAW

CERD

CESCR

CHR

CHRAGG

CHRPA

CRC

CSO

ACRONYMS

African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies

African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

African Human Rights Law Journal

African Human Rights Law Reports

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

African Peer Review Mechanism

African Union

Centre for Applied Legal Studies

Co-ordinating Assembly of Non-Governmental Organisations

Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Centre for Human Rights

Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance

Commission on Human Rights and Public Administration

Convention on the Rights of the Child

Civil Society Organisation

ix

International Labour Organisation

NHRI

NGO

NHRC

NEPAD

LRC

Legal Resources Centre

Legum Magister(Master of Laws)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

ICCPR

KNCHR

IHRDA

LLM

Ethiopian Human Rights Commission

Human Rights Commission of Sierra Leone

EHRC

ILO

CSVR

ESCR

ECHR

ECCJ

ECOWAS

Kenya National Commission on Human Rights

FIDA

FLAG

HRCSL

FGM

HIV

ECOWAS Community Court of Justice

National Human Rights Commission

New Partnership for Africa’s Development

Non Governmental Organisation

National Intelligence Agency

National Human Rights Institutions

National Commission on Human Rights and Freedoms

Law Reform Commission

HRDA

EVD

Female Genital Mutilation

Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation

Ebola Virus Disease

LRC

European Convention on Human Rights

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Economic Community of West African States

International Federation of Women Lawyers

Female Lawyers Association of Gambia

Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa

Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

NCHRF

NIA

NRM

OHCHR

OSIWA

SAHRC

SALC

SERAC

SERAP

SRRWA

UDHR

UHRC

UN

UPR

US

ZLHR

ZSC

ZWLA

National Resistance Movement

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

Open Society Initiative for West Africa

South African Human Rights Commission

Southern Africa Litigation Centre

Social and Economic Rights Action Centre

Socio-Economic Right Accountability Project

Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Uganda Human Rights Commission

United Nations

Universal Periodic Review

United States

Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights

Zimbabwe Supreme Court

Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association