Democratic Engineering in Rwanda and Burundi

Jean-Marie Kagabo

Description

In Democratic Engineering in Rwanda and Burundi the author argues that a democratic model which is suitable for single-cultural societies may not be applicable in multicultural societies; he illustrates that the liberal and socialist theories have not addressed the issue of national minorities which threatens peace and stability in most African countries. The author investigates the form of democratic engineering that would harmonise ethnic relations and guard against ethnic discrimination and violence. He explores the consociational and integrative theories to identify a suitable democratic system that would stabilise Rwanda and Burundi. He analyses the pros and the cons of the present options adopted by Rwanda and Burundi to address the question of ethnicity and also assesses the potential of a number of other solutions.

Foreword; Acknowledgement; Introduction; Exploring the Idea of a Multicultural Society; Multi-ethnicity and Democracy in Africa; Consociational Democracy and the Multi-cultural Challenge; Majoritarian Preferential Voting and the Multi-cultural Challenge; The Pre-Colonial Period; The Colonial Period; Preparing for Independence; The Post-Colonial Period; Constitutional Engineering in Rwanda and Burundi; Burundi’s Democratic Options; Rwanda’s Democratic Options; Possible Alternative Solutions; Conclusion; Index

Sujets

• Colonisation
• Political Ideologies
• Political Science
• African
• Postcolonialism
• African people
• African studies
• Ethnic group
• World
• Democracy

Informations

• Publié par: Fountain Publishers
• Date de parution: 29 décembre 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9789970196722
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

in Rwanda and Burundi

Jean-Marie Kagabo

FOUNTAIN PUBLISHERS www.fountainpublishers.co.ug

Fountain Publishers P.O. Box 488

Kampala Email: [e-mail] [e-mail] Website:www.fountainpublishers.co.ug

Distributed in Europe, North America and Australia by African Books Collective Ltd (ABC), Unit 13, Kings Meadow, Ferry Hinksey Road, Oxford OX2 0DP, United Kingdom. Tel: [phone], Fax:[phone]. Email: [e-mail] Website: www.africanbookscollective.com

© JeanMarie Kagabo 2018 First published 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or other means now known or hereafter invented, including copying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

ISBN 9789970259519

This work was accepted as a PhD thesis by the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Zurich in the spring semester 2009 on the recommendation of Prof. Dr Hanspeter Kriesi and Prof. Dr Matthijs Bogaards.

Dedication

To my daugters, Gîozo and Gîsaro! So tat teîr generatîon can îve în a stabe and democratîc socîety.

Contents

Acronyms...................................................................................................vi Foreword ...................................................................................................ix Acknowledgement .....................................................................................xx Introduction.............................................................................................xxi

PART I

Democracy, Multi-culturalism and Multi-ethnicityin Africa....1

CHAPTER 13Exploring the Idea of a Multi-cultural Society..........................

CHAPTER 2Multi-ethnicity and Democracy in Africa ...............................24

CHAPTER 3Consociational Democracy and the Multi-cultural Challenge ...................................................................................47

CHAPTER 4Majoritarian Preferential Voting and the Multi-cultural Challenge ..........................................................66

PART II

The Hutu-Tutsi Conflict in Rwanda and Burundi ......................85

CHAPTER 5The Pre-colonial Period.............................................................87

CHAPTER 6The Colonial Period.................................................................119

CHAPTER 7..................................................148Preparing for Independence

CHAPTER 8.........................................................199The Post-colonial Period

PART III

Defusing the Ethnic Trap in Rwanda and Burundi..................225

CHAPTER 9Constitutional Engineering in Rwanda and Burundi...........227

CHAPTER 10Burundi’s Democratic Options...............................................255

CHAPTER 11Rwanda’s Democratic Options...............................................295

CHAPTER 12Possible Alternative Solutions ...............................................335

CHAPTER 13:Conclusion: What Democratic Engineering would be the ‘Least Bad’ for Rwanda and Burundi? ........................357 Afterword.................................................................................................399 References ...............................................................................................401

v

AD ANC APROSOMA

BC CCM CNDD

CNDD-FDD

COMESA CSP CUF DGPR DMï DR CONGO DUP EAC EACSO ECK FAR FDD

FROïNA FRODEBU

GDP ïCJï ïCT ïCTB ïCG

Acronyms

Anno Domînî (Ater Crîst) Arîcan Natîona Congress Assocîatîon pour a Promotîon Socîae de a Masse (Assocîatîon for te Socîal Promotîon of te Masses) Beore Crîst Cama ca Mapînduzî (Party of te Revolutîon) Conseî Natîona de a Déense de a Démocratîe (Natîonal Councîl for te Defence of Democracy) Natîona Councî or te Deence o Democracy — Forces or te Deence o Democracy Common Market or Eastern and SouternArîca Conseî Supérîeur du Pays (Hîger Natîonal Councîl) Cîvîc Unîted Front Democratîc Green Party o Rwanda Dîrectorate o Mîîtary ïnteîgence Democratîc Repubîc o Congo Democratîc Unîonîst Party East Arîcan Communîty East Arîcan Common Servîces Organîsatîon Eectora Commîssîon o Kenya Forces Armées Rwandaîse (Rwandan Armed Forces) Forces pour a Déense de a Démocratîe (Forces for te Defence of Democracy) Natîona îberatîon Front Front pour a Démocratîe au Burundî (Front for Democracy în Burundî) Gross Domestîc Product ïnternatîona Commîssîon or Judîcîa ïnquîry ïnormatîon and Communîcatîons Tecnoogy ïnternatîona Crîmîna Trîbuna ïnternatîona Crîsîs Group

vi

Aconyms

vii

JNR Jeunesse Natîonaîste Rwagasore (Rwagasore Natîonalîst Yout) KEDOF Kenya Domestîc Observers Forum DCs east Deveoped Countrîes MDR Mouvement Démocratîque Répubîcaîn (Republîcan Democratîc Movement) Mgr Monsîgnor MP Member o Parîament MRC Movement or te Reabîîtatîon o Cîtîzens — Rurenzangemero MRND Mouvement pour a Révoutîon Natîonae et e Déveoppement (Natîonal Republîcan Movement for Democracy) MRNDD Mouvement Révoutîonaîre Natîona pour e Déveoppement et a Démocratîe (Natîonal Republîcan Movement for Democracy and Development) NDP Natîona Domestîc Product NGO Non-Governmenta Organîsatîon NP Natîona Party NURC Natîona Unîty and Reconcîîatîon Commîssîon OAU Organîsatîon o Arîcan Unîty ODM Orange Democratîc Movement OTP Orîgînaîre du Terroîr du Présîdent (hose from te land of te presîdent) PAïPEHUTU Partî pour a îberatîon Hutu (Party for te Lîberatîon of te Hutu People) PAïPEHUTU-FN Partî pour a îberatîon Hutu (Party for te Lîberatîon of te Hutu People) -Forces Natîonaes de îbératîon (Natîonal Lîberatîon Forces) PARMEHUTU Partî du Mouvement de ’Emancîpatîon Hutu (Party of te Hutu Emancîpatîon Movement) PDC Partî Démocrate Crétîen (Crîstîan Democratîc Party în Burundî and  Crîstîan Democratîc People’s Party în Swîtzerand ) PDR Partî Démocratîque Rura (Rural Democratîc Party) P Partî îbera (Lîberal Party)

viii

PNU PP PRD

PS

Democatic Engineeing in Rwanda and Buundi

PSD RADER

RPF SADC SDP SFP SOSUMO TRC TUF UDC UNAR UNHCR UNO UNP UPRONA

US USD UUP WTO

Party or Natîona Unîty Partî Popuaîre (People’s Party) Partî Radîca Démocratîque Suîsse (Swîss Radîcal Democratîc Party) Partî Socîaîste Suîsse (Socîal Democratîc Party of Swîtzerland) Partî Socîa Démocrate (Socîal Democratîc Party) Rassembement Démocratîque Rwandaîs (Rwandese Democratîc Unîon) Rwanda Patrîotîc Front Soutern Arîca Deveopment Communîty Socîa Democratîc and abour Party Srî anka Freedom Party Burundî Sugar–a state-owned sugar company Trut and Reconcîîatîon Commîssîon Tamî Unîted îberatîon Front Unîon Démocratîque du Centre (Swîss People’s Party) Unîon Natîonae Rwandaîse (Rwandese Natîonal Unîon) Unîted Natîons Hîg Commîssîon or Reugees Unîted Natîons Organîsatîon Unîted Natîona Party Unîon pour e Progrès Natîona (Unîon for Natîonal Progress) Unîted States Unîted States Doar Uster Unîonîst Party Word Trade Organîsatîon

Foreword

hîs book, wîc te autor started, wen ï stî ed a posîtîon at te Unîversîty o Geneva, expores te questîon o wat type o democratîc engîneerîng coud prevent te Hutu-Tutsî etnîc ceavage rom escaatîng înto dîscrîmînatîon and degeneratîng înto vîoence. hîs questîon îs vîta or te entîre popuace o bot Rwanda and Burundî, and or te autor îmse, wo, as a Rwandan Tutsî, as experîenced în îs amîy te împact o te tragedy o te 1994 genocîde agaînst te Tutsî. As e attempts to Ind an answer to tîs questîon, te autor oows tree înes o tougt: (1) a democratîc mode wîc îs vaîd or sînge cutura socîetîes woud not necessarîy suît mutî-cutura socîetîes; (2) te tragîc events wîc ave occurred în Arîca over te past ew years ave sown tat tîs contînent wî not acîeve stabîîty untî te etnîc îssue îs resoved; and (3) ît îs possîbe to devîse some coerent and reassurîng democratîc engîneerîng or te etnîc communîtîes o Rwanda and Burundî, provîded tat one îs ree rom te straîtjacket o te Westmînster democracy mode o majorîty rue, and proceeds wît îmagînatîon and creatîvîty. Wît tese assumptîons as a startîng poînt, te autor embarks on îs searc or a constîtutîona soutîon to te probem o înter-etnîc conLîcts, proceedîng în tree stages. Fîrst, e devîses a teoretîca rame o reerence, maîny by exporîng two maîn competîng teorîes — te consocîatîona and întegratîve teorîes — or estabîsîng and maîntaînîng a democratîc government în an etnîcay dîvîded socîety. Second, în an efort to understand te orîgîn and evoutîon o Hutu-Tutsî conLîct, e deves înto te îstory o te two Arîcan countrîes, were etnîc strîe as caused partîcuary serîous ravages. He works îs way rom pre-coonîa tîmes, troug te coonîa and post-coonîa perîods, îgîgtîng as e goes te responsîbîîtîes o te major poîtîca actors în te escaatîon o te conLîct. hîs detour troug îstory seems to îm îndîspensabe because any înstîtutîona soutîon must take înto account te specîIc caracterîstîcs o te etnîc conLîct în bot countrîes. ïn a tîrd and ast step, te autor

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