Developing Independent Media as an Institution of Accountable Governance

Shanthi Kalathil

Description

Media development seeks to support and promote a pluralistic, editorially independent and financially sustainable media sector. An independent media sector buttresses key governance goals such as voice, accountability, and transparency -- not through dissemination of messages about these issues, but through its very existence.
This handbook is the result of a multi-year effort, the first stage of which 'Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform'. That book explored key issues surrounding the media and governance, including: the ideal role of the media system in strengthening democratic governance, the conditions under which media systems fulfill their objectives, and the policy interventions most effective at helping the news media live up to its democratic potential.
The second stage of this effort, presented here, is meant to bridge the gap between theory and practice. A survey reveals that very few governance advisors understand the concept of media development and how such programs could play a key role in advancing good governance.
Ultimately, this handbook is designed for those who may be interested in media development programs, but are unclear about the whys, hows, and whens. It will introduce the fundamentals of media development, provide ways to conceptualize and analyze the sector, and help guide programming based on political economy analysis as well as individual country context. It also includes ideas on monitoring and evaluation of media development programs, plus links to further resources.

Sujets

• Reform
• NeWS
• Media
• Participation
• Civil society
• Communication
• Freedom of speech
• Governance
• Information and communications technology

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 29 juin 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 42
• EAN13: 9780821387511
• Langue: English

Extrait

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DEVELOPING INDEPENDENT
MEDIA
AS AN INSTITUTION OF
ACCOUNTABLE GOVERNANCE
A HOW-TO GUIDE
Shanthi KalathilDEVELOPING INDEPENDENT
MEDIA AS AN INSTITUTION OF
ACCOUNTABLE GOVERNANCEDEVELOPING INDEPENDENT
MEDIA AS AN INSTITUTION OF
ACCOUNTABLE GOVERNANCE
A HOW-TO GUIDE
SHANTHI KALATHIL© 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development / The World Bank. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in
this volume do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of The World
Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The
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any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
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All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed
to the Offi ce of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433,
USA; fax: [phone]; e-mail: [e-mail].
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8629-3
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8751-1
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8629-3
Cover design: Naylor Design, Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kalathil, Shanthi.
Developing independent media as an institution of accountable governance / Shanthi
Kalathil.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Includes webliography.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8629-3 — ISBN 978-0-8213-8751-1 (electronic)
1. Mass media—Political aspects. 2. Representative government and representation. I. Title.
P95.8.K35 2011
302.23—dc22
2011006386Contents
Foreword vii
Acknowledgments ix
About the Author xi1 Target Audience for the Toolkit 1
2 Media De velopment: A Key Part of
Governance Reform 3
3 Gr asping the Fundamentals: Building Blocks
of an Independent Media Sector 7
4 From Assessment to Program Concept: Political
Economy Analysis 11
5 Fr om Concept to Design: Putting the Program
Together 21
6 Other Factors to Consider 51
7 Monitoring and Evaluation: Finding What Works 57
8 Pr actical Considerations for Donors: Getting the
Work Done 61
9 Resources 65
Appendix A. Sample Assessment Questions 69
Appendix B. Sample Indicators for Media
Development Programs 71
Appendix C. Sample Terms of Reference for Media
Development Consultant 73
Index 75
vvi Contents
Boxes
4.1. Priorities and Sequencing 17
4.2. Sample Optimal Programs for Media Reform 19
5.1. Building Media Infrastructure: Keep in Mind 22
5.2. Media Literacy: Keep in Mind 34
5.3. Professional Skills: Keep in Mind 36
5.4. Enabling Environment: Keep in Mind 43
5.5. Sustainability: Keep in Mind 48
6.1. Conf ict and Postconf ict Environments: Keep in Mind 53
6.2. Anticipating Change: Keep in Mind 56
8.1. Getting the Work Done: Keep in Mind 64
Figures
4.1. Analytical Steps 13
4.2. Sample Stakeholder Map: Media Reform 16
Tables
5.1. Permissive Environment: Program Components 23
5.2. Semi-Permissive Environments: Program Components 35
5.3. Nonpermissive Envirrogram C45Foreword
The World Bank’s Communication for Governance and Accountability Program
(CommGAP) has spent several years exploring the linkages between the media and
governance reform. The fi rst stage of this process produced Public Sentinel: News
Media and Governance Reform, an edited volume that explored key issues sur-
rounding the role of the media in democratic governance and the policy interven-
tions that might enable this role.
This how-to guide represents the second stage of that process: turning theo-
retical and policy conclusions into a practical guide for those seeking to enhance
good governance by empowering the media. An early needs assessment revealed
limited understanding of media development and the role it can play in foster-
ing accountable governance. This toolkit accordingly provides the whys, hows,
whens, and whats of supporting the development of independent, pluralistic and
sustainable media.
As part of the production process, CommGAP convened four meetings in
2009—three in Washington, D.C., and one in London—that solicited advice, input,
and concrete suggestions from media development experts. This guide thus
refl ects decades of collective experience and the assembled best practices of a
wide cross-section of the media development community. I would like to thank all
those who contributed their time and expertise to this process.
As noted recently by World Bank President Robert Zoellick, “Institutions mat-
ter, but so do citizens.” We at CommGAP hope this publication can serve as one
tool for those in the business of helping citizens demand better governance.
Sina Odugbemi
Program Head
Communication for Governance and Accountability Program
vii