Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011

Dilip Ratha

Description

The Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 updates the 2008 edition of the Factbook with additional data for 71 countries collected from various sources, including national censuses, labor force surveys, population registers, and other national sources. The Factbook attempts to present numbers and facts behind the stories of international migration and remittances, drawing on authoritative, publicly available data. It provides a snapshot of statistics on immigration, emigration, skilled emigration, and remittance flows for 210 countries and 15 regional and income groups. Some interesting facts emerge:
▪ More than 215 million people, or 3 percent of the world population, live outside their countries of birth. Current migration flows, relative to population, are weaker than those of the last decades of the nineteenth century.
▪ The top migrant destination countries are the United States, the Russian Federation, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. The top immigration countries, relative to population, are Qatar (87 percent), the United Arab Emirates (70 percent), Kuwait (69 percent), Andorra (64 percent), Cayman Islands (63 percent), and Northern Mariana Islands (62 percent).
▪ The United States is likely to have seen the largest inflows of migrants between 2005 and 2010, despite the global financial crisis. The expansion of the European Union led to a surge of migrant flows to Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom, with a large share from Eastern Europe.
▪ The six Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and Kuwait) have also seen a significant increase in migrant flows in the last few years, mostly from South Asia and East Asia. However, immigrant stocks in all regions started to plateau in 2009-10 because of the global financial crisis.
▪ The volume of South-South migration is larger than migration from the South to the high-income countries belonging to the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). High-income non-OECD countries such as the Gulf countries are also major destinations for migrants from the South. South-South migration is significantly larger than South-North migration in Sub-Saharan Africa (73 percent) and Europe and Central Asia (61 percent).
▪ According to available official data, the Mexico-United States corridor is the largest migration corridor in the world, accounting for 11.6 million migrants in 2010. Migration corridors in the Former Soviet Union - Russia-Ukraine, and Ukraine-Russia - are the next largest, followed by Bangladesh-India. In these corridors, natives became migrants without moving when new international boundaries were drawn.
▪ Smaller countries tend to have higher rates of skilled emigration. Almost all physicians trained in Grenada and Dominica have emigrated abroad. St. Lucia, Cape Verde, Fiji, São Tomé and Principe, and Liberia are also among the countries with the highest emigration rates of physicians.
▪ Refugees and asylum seekers made up 16.3 million or 8 percent of international migrants in 2010. The share of refugees in the population was 14.6 percent in the low-income countries-more than seven times larger than the share of 2.1 percent in the high-income OECD countries. Middle East and North Africa had the largest share of refugees and asylum seekers among immigrants (65 percent), followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (17 percent), South Asia (20 percent), and East Asia and Pacific (8.8 percent).
▪ Worldwide remittance flows are estimated to have exceeded $414 billion in 2009, of which developing countries received $307 billion (This represents a small decline of 6 percent from the level in 2008). The true size, including unrecorded flows through formal and informal channels, is believed to be significantly larger. Recorded remittances are more than twice as large as official aid and nearly two-thirds of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries.
▪ In 2009, the top recipient countries of recorded remittances were India, China, Mexico, the Philippines, and Poland. As a share of GDP, however, smaller countries such as Tajikistan (50 percent), Tonga (38 percent), Moldova (31 percent), the Kyrgyz Republic (28 percent), and Lesotho (27 percent) were the largest recipients in 2008.
▪ Rich countries are the main source of remittances. The United States is by far the largest, with $46 billion in recorded outward flows in 2008. Russia ranks as the second largest, followed by Switzerland and Saudi Arabia.

Sujets

• Brain Drain
• Diáspora
• Emigration
• Immigration
• Migration
• Remittance
• Health
• Social change

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 04 novembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 252
• EAN13: 9780821385111
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

MIGRATION AND
REMITTANCES
FACTBOOK 2011
SECOND EDITIONMIGRATION AND
REMITTANCES
FACTBOOK 2011MIGRATION AND
REMITTANCES
FACTBOOK 2011
2nd Edition© 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development / The World Bank. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed
in this volume do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of The World
Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The
boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work
do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status
of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
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All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed
to the Offi ce of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433,
USA; fax: [phone]; e-mail: [e-mail].
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8218-9
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8511-1
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8218-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data has been applied for.
Cover and interior design by Auras Design.Contents
Foreword vii |
Highlights ix |
Acknowledgments xi |
Data Notes xiii |
Migration and Remittances: Top Countries | 1
South–South Migration versus South–North Migration | 12
Remittances Compared with Other Resource Flows 17 |
World | 18
Developing Countries 20 |
Regional Tables 22 |
East Asia and Pacifi c | 23
Europe and Central Asia 25 |
Latin America and the Caribbean | 27
Middle East and North Africa 29 |
South Asia | 31
Sub-Saharan Africa 33 |
Income-Group Tables 35 |
Low-Income Countries | 36
Middle-Income Countries 38 |
High-Income OECD Countries | 40
High-Income Non-OECD Countries 42 |
Other Country Group Tables | 44
Least Developed Countries 45 |
Fragile States | 47
Small States 49 |
vCountry Tables | 51
Afghanistan–Zimbabwe 53–262 |
Glossary 263 |
List of Figures
Top Immigration Countries (number of immigrants), 2010 | 1
Top Immigration Countries (percentage of population), 2010 2 |
Top Emigration Countries (number of emigrants), 2010 | 3
Top Emigration Countries (percentage of population), 2010 4 |
Top Migration Corridors (number of migrants), 2010 | 5
Tridors (excluding the Former Soviet Union) number of
migrants, 2010 | 6
Top Destination Countries for Refugees (number of migrants), 2010 7 |
Top Destination Countries for Refugees (percentage of migrants), 2010 | 8
Top Emigration Countries of Tertiary-Educated (number of migrants),
2000 | 9
Top Emigration Countries of Physicians (number of migrants), 2000 10 |
Tysicians (percentage of total physicians trained
in the country), 2000 11 |
Top Remittance-Receiving Countries (US$ billions), 2010e | 13
Top Remittance-Receiving Countries (percentage of GDP), 2009 14 |
Top Remittance-Sending Countries (US$ billions), 2009 | 15
Top Remittance-Sending Countries (percentage of GDP), 2009 16 |
Remittance Flows Are Large and Resilient | 17
vi ContentsForeword
There are more than 215 million international migrants in the world. Recorded
remittances received by developing countries, estimated to be US$325 billion
in 2010, far exceed the volume of offi cial aid fl ows and constitute more than
10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in many developing countries.
Cross-country analysis and evidence from household surveys suggest that
migration and remittances reduce poverty in the origin communities. Remittances
lead to increased investments in health, education, and small businesses. At
the same time, the loss of skills associated with migration can hamper develop-
ment and delivery of basic services in sending countries. The diaspora of de-
velop ing countries can be a source of capital, trade, investment, knowledge,
and technology transfers.
Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 provides a comprehensive picture
of emigration, skilled emigration, immigration, and remittance fl ows for 210
countries and 15 country groups, drawing on authoritative, publicly available
data. The current edition of the Factbook updates the information in the popular
2008 edition with additional data for 71 countries collected from various
sources, including national censuses, labor force surveys, population registers,
and other national sources. In addition, it provides selected socioeconomic
characteristics such as population, labor force, age dependency ratio, gross
national income (GNI) per capita, and poverty headcount for each country and
regional grouping.
More frequent and timely monitoring of migration and remittance trends can
provide policy makers, researchers, and the development community with the
tools to make informed decisions. The Factbook makes an important contribution
to this effort by providing the latest available data and facts on migration and
viiremittance trends worldwide in a comprehensive and readily accessible
format.
The Factbook is part of a broader effort of the Development Prospects Group
of the World Bank to monitor and analyze migration and remittances from a
development perspective.
Hans Timmer
Director, Development Prospects Group
The World Bank
viii Foreword