Mainstreaming Building Energy Efficiency Codes in Developing Countries

Feng Liu

Description

Urbanization and growing wealth in developing countries portend a large increase of demand for modern energy services in residential, commercial and public-service buildings in the coming decades. Pursuing energy efficiency in buildings is vital to energy security in developing countries and is identified by the Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change as having the greatest potential for cost-effective reduction of CO2 emissions by 2030 among all energy-consuming sectors.
Building energy efficiency codes (BEECs), along with energy efficiency standards for major appliances and equipment, are broadly recognized as a necessary government intervention to overcome persistent market barriers to capturing the economic potential of energy efficiency gains in the residential, commercial and public-service sectors. Implementation of BEECs help prevent costly energy wastes over the lifecycles of buildings in space heating, air conditioning, lighting, and other energy service requirements. Nonetheless, achieving the full potential of energy savings afforded by more energy-efficient buildings requires holding people who live or work in buildings accountable for the cost of energy services.
Compliance enforcement has been the biggest challenge to implementing BEECs. This report summarizes the findings of an extensive literature survey of the experiences of implementing BEECs in developed countries, as well as those from case studies of China, Egypt, India, and Mexico. It also serves as a primer on the basic features and contents of BEECs and the commonly adopted compliance and enforcement approaches.
This report highlights the key challenges to improving compliance enforcement in developing countries, including government commitment to energy efficiency, the effectiveness of government oversight of the construction sector, the compliance capacity of building supply chain, and financing constraints. The report notes that the process of transforming a country's building supply chain toward delivering increasingly more energy-efficient buildings takes time and requires persistent government intervention through uniformly enforced and regularly updated BEECs.
The report recommends increased international support in strengthening the enforcement infrastructure for BEECs in middle-income developing countries. For low- and lower-middle-income countries, there is an urgent need to assist in improving the effectiveness of government oversight system for building construction, laying the foundation for the system to also cover BEECs.

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 12 octobre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 17
• EAN13: 9780821385647
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 204
Mainstreaming Building
Energy Efficiency Codes
in Developing Countries
Global Experiences and Lessons
from Early Adopters
Feng Liu
Anke S. Meyer
John F. Hogan
THE WORLD BANKWORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 204
Mainstreaming Building
Energy Efficiency Codes in
Developing Countries
Global Experiences and Lessons
from Early Adopters
Feng Liu
Anke S. Meyer
John F. Hogan



















Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Copyright © 2010
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ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-8534-0
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8564-7
ISSN: 1726-5878 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8534-0

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested.


Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................................. viii
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... x
Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................ xi
Definitions ................................................................................................................................ xv
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. xx
Key Messages .................................................................................................................... xx
Main Findings and Conclusions .................................................................................... xxi
Recommendations and International Assistance Strategies.................................... xxvii
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
Energy Use in Residential, Commercial, and Public-Service Buildings ...................... 1
Energy-Savings Opportunities in Buildings .................................................................. 4
Market Barriers and Building Energy Efficiency Codes ................................................ 7
The Role of Incentives ...................................................................................................... 11
Key Challenges to Implementing BEECs in Developing Countries........................... 13
2. Building Energy Efficiency Codes and Elements of Compliance .............................. 16
The Nature of Building Energy Efficiency Codes and Compliance
Approaches ................................................................................................................ 16
Development and Implementation of BEECs ............................................................... 19
Enforcement of BEECs ..................................................................................................... 26
Compliance Approaches and Enforcement Interactions ............................................. 27
Toward Low-Energy and Green Buildings ................................................................... 30
3. Global Status of Building Energy Efficiency Codes and Compliance ...................... 34
Status Quo of BEECs in Developing Countries and Economies in Transition ......... 34
Track Record of BEEC Compliance and Enforcement ................................................. 40
4. European and U.S. Experiences in Development and Implementation of
BEECs ................................................................................................................................. 43
European Union: Early Efforts and Enforcement Approaches in Selected
Countries .................................................................................................................... 43
Toward Regional Harmonization: the EU Energy Performance in Buildings
Directive...................................................................................................................... 50
United States: State-Level Adoption of BEECs ............................................................. 52
Compliance and Enforcement of BEECs in the United States .................................... 57
Lessons Learned from the Pioneers ................................................................................ 66
5. Experiences from Early Adopters of BEECs in Developing Countries ...................... 70
Summary of Case Studies: China, Egypt, India, and Mexico ...................................... 70
Urbanization and Energy Use in Buildings in the Four Countries ............................ 71
iii iv Contents
Development and Implementation of BEECs ............................................................... 72
Lessons Learned from the Early Adopters .................................................................... 83
6. Mainstreaming BEECs in Developing Countries and International Assistance
Strategies ........................................................................................................................... 85
Expand and Strengthen the Political Support for Energy Efficiency ......................... 86
Improve the Effectiveness of Government Supervision of the Building
Construction Sector ................................................................................................... 86
Develop Technical and Engineering Capacity of the Supply Chain .......................... 87
Bridge the Gap in Incremental Cost Financing ............................................................. 89
Appendixes ............................................................................................................................... 91
Appendix 1. Case Study: Implementing Building Energy Efficiency Codes in
China ........................................................................................................................... 93
Appendix 2. Case Study: Building Energy Efficiency Codes in Egypt .................... 111
Appendix 3. Case Study: Toward Implementation of the Energy
Conservation Building Code in India ................................................................... 125
Appendix 4. Case Study: Mexico—Breaking Building Energy Efficiency
Grounds with a National Low-Income Housing Program ................................ 144
Appendix 5. Case Study: BEEC Implementation in the U.S. State of
California .................................................................................................................. 163
Appendix 6. BEECs in Selected Countries in Asia, Latin America, Eastern
Europe, Middle East and Africa ............................................................................ 176
Appendix 7. Voluntary Low-Energy/Green Building Schemes ................................ 179
References ............................................................................................................................... 182

Tables
Table 1.1. Incentives for Adopting or Exceeding the Requirements of BEECs ............... 12
Table 2.1. Instituti