Reforming Education Finance in Transition Countries

Juan Diego Alonso And Alonso Sánchez

Description

This book reviews the experience with one specific though widely introduced approach to funding general education, namely per capita financing (PCF), in six countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region in an effort to learn which outcomes were achieved and how. Six country case studies are the bulk of the book and were chosen as a project that the World Bank initiated back in 2007. The set of countries chosen (Armenia, Estonia, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland and the Russian Federation) was motivated by the fact that the World Bank was actively involved in supporting reforms in these countries and, in some cases, played a fundamental role in bringing these reforms to fruition. The hope is that, as a result, the likelihood of observing the outcomes of per capita financing is higher. An attempt was made at geographic variation across the ECA region as well.
Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to the book. Chapters 2 through 7 discuss the country case studies. The case studies are presented in alphabetical order: Armenia (chapter 2), Estonia (chapter 3), Georgia (chapter 4), Lithuania (Chapter 5), Poland (Chapter 6), and Russia (chapter 7). All six chapters present a similar structure. First, an introduction is provided to motivate the discussion. Second, the historical background to the introduction of the PCF system is discussed. Third, the design of the PCF scheme is analyzed. Fourth, the peculiarities of the implementation of the scheme are described. Fifth, an assessment of a set of three main outcomes - efficiency, equity and transparency/accountability - is presented. A sixth and final section provides a summary of the lessons learned in each of the cases. Chapter 8 presents an in-depth overview of the case studies, within a common framework to compare these experiences.

Sujets

• Human development
• Private school
• Professional development
• Student loan
• Education

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 29 juin 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 24
• EAN13: 9780821387849
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

A WORLD BANK STUDY
Reforming Education
Finance in Transition
Countries
SIX CASE STUDIES IN PER CAPITA
FINANCING SYSTEMS
Juan Diego Alonso and
Alonso Sánchez, editorsWORLD BANK STUDY
Reforming Education Finance
in Transition Countries
Six Case Studies in Per
Capita Financing Systems
Juan Diego Alonso and Alonso Sánchez, editorsCopyright © 2011
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11
World Bank Studies are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the development
community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in
accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. This volume is a product of the sta ff
of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The fi ndings, interpre-
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8783-2
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8784-9
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8783-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested
Reforming education fi nance in transition countries : six case studies in per capita fi nancing systems.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8783-2 -- ISBN 978-0-8213-8784-9
1. Education--Developing countries--Finance--Case studies. I. World Bank.
LB2826.6.D44R44 2011
379.1724--dc23
2011020610
Cover photo: “Original gra ffi ti by SP£ND, anonymous street artist, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom,” by
Kate Mellersh.
4Contents
Foreword .....................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ............................................................................................................................ xiii
Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................xv
Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. xvii
1. Reforming Education Financing Systems in Transition Countries: An
Introduction to Six Case Studies ..................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction ...... 1
1.2. From Input-Based Financing to Per Capita Financing ............................................ 2
1.3. About This Book ...........................................................................................................7
2. Per Capita Financing of General Education in Armenia .......................................... 10
2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 10
2.2. Background ................................................................................................................. 11
2.3. The Design of the Funding Formula ........................................................................ 13
2.4. The Implementation of the Funding Formula ........................................................ 15
2.5. Assessment of Outcomes ........................................................................................... 18
2.6. Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 28
3. Per Capita Financing of Education in Estonia ............................................................ 33
3.1. Introduction .... 33
3.2. Background .. 34
3.3. The Design of the Funding Formula ........................................................................ 36
3.4. The Implementation of the Funding Formula ........................................................ 53
3.5. Assessment of Outcomes ........................................................................................... 60
3.6. Conclusions ... 82
Annex A. Additional Statistics ......................................................................................... 87
Annex B. List of People Interviewed for the Country Case Study ............................. 98
4. School Vouchers in Georgia: Implementation of a Simple Idea in a
Complex Environment................................................................................................... 101
4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 101
4.2. Background ............................................................................................................... 102
4.3. The Design of the Funding Formula ...................................................................... 110
4.4. The Implementation of the Funding Formula ...................................................... 115
4.5. Assessment of Outcomes ......................................................................................... 120
4.6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 127
iiiiv Contents
5. Student Basket Reform in Lithuania: Fine-Tuning Central and Local
Financing of Education.................................................................................................. 133
5.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 133
5.2. Background ............................................................................................................... 135
5.3. The Design of the Funding Formula ...................................................................... 141
5.4. The Implementation of the Funding Formula ...................................................... 151
5.5. Assessment of Outcomes ......................................................................................... 170
5.6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 177
Annex A. Methodology of Student Basket .................................................................. 182
Annex B. Complete Table of Allocation Coe ffi cients for Student Basket in 2007 ... 189
Annex C. List of People Interviewed for the Country Case Study .......................... 192
6. Per Capita Financing of General Education in Poland: A Case Study ................. 198
6.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 198
6.2. Background ............................................................................................................... 199
6.3. The Design of the Funding Formula ...................................................................... 204
6.4. The Implementation of the Funding Formula ...................................................... 212
6.5. Assessment of Outcomes ......................................................................................... 222
6.6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 238
Annex A. Additional Statistics on School Funding .................................................... 242
Annex B. List of People Interviewed for the Country Case Study ........................... 249
7. Per Capita Financing of General Education in Russia: An Assessment of
the Financing Reform in the Chuvash Republic and the Tver Oblast .................. 252
7.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 252
7.2. Background ............................................................................................................... 253
7.3. The Design of the Funding Formula ...................................................................... 255
7.4. The Implementation of the Funding Formula ...............................