The Consequences of Humiliation explores the nature of national humiliation and its impact on foreign policy. Joslyn Barnhart demonstrates that Germany's catastrophic reaction to humiliation at the end of World War I is part of a broader pattern: states that experience humiliating events are more likely to engage in international aggression aimed at restoring the state's image in its own eyes and in the eyes of others.Barnhart shows that these states also pursue conquest, intervene in the affairs of other states, engage in diplomatic hostility and verbal discord, and pursue advanced weaponry and other symbols of national resurgence at higher rates than non-humiliated states in similar foreign policy contexts. Her examination of how national humiliation functions at the individual level explores leaders' domestic incentives to evoke a sense of national humiliation. As a result of humiliation on this level, the effects may persist for decades, if not centuries, following the original humiliating event.
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THE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMILIATION
THE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMILIATION Anger and Status in World Politics
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First published 2020 by Cornell University Press
Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Names: Barnhart, Joslyn, author. Title: The consequences of humiliation : anger and status in world politics / Joslyn Barnhart. Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019027231 (print) | LCCN 2019027232 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501748042 (cloth) | ISBN 9781501748684 (epub) | ISBN 9781501748691 (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: International relations—Psychological aspects. | World politics—Psychological aspects. | Humiliation—Political aspects. | Anger—Political aspects. | Aggressiveness—Political aspects. | Public opinion—Political aspects. Classification: LCC JZ1253. B37 2020 (print) | LCC JZ1253 (ebook) | DDC 327.101/9—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019027231 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019027232
Cover illustration: Toshihide Migita,Chinese Generals Captured at the Battle of Pyongyang Beg for Mercy. Detail of woodblock triptych, 1894. Collection of the British Library.
To Tom, Joy, and Francesca
Contents
Introduction 1. National Failure and International Disregard 2. Withdrawal, Opposition, and Aggression 3. National Humiliation at the Individual Level 4. The CrossNational Consequences of Humiliating International Events 5. Soothing Wounded Vanity: French and German Expansion in Africa from 1882 to 1885 6. “Our Honeymoon with the U.S. Came to an End”: Soviet Humiliation at the Height of the Cold War Conclusion: The Attenuation and Prevention of National Humiliation